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The Road to the Revolution

The Road to the Revolution. To set up the booklet. Name and Section on the front You will be responsible for Front cover illustration (in color) Table of Contents Taking notes – in class Main idea – on each page Illustration (in color) for each event Book summary – on the back.

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The Road to the Revolution

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  1. The Road to the Revolution

  2. To set up the booklet • Name and Section on the front • You will be responsible for • Front cover illustration (in color) • Table of Contents • Taking notes – in class • Main idea – on each page • Illustration (in color) for each event • Book summary – on the back

  3. Booklet due Monday, 10/21 total 50 points • Front cover illustration (in color) 5 • Table of Contents 5 • Taking notes – in class • Main idea – on each page • Illustration (in color) for each event 16 • Book summary – on the back 8 16

  4. Treaty of Paris, 1763 • Situation: England defeats Francein the French and Indian War (7 Years War).

  5. Treaty of Paris, 1763 Britain • British gain Canada, all French territory east of the Mississippi R. (except the city of New Orleans), and Florida. • Spain gets Louisiana (the land west of the Mississippi River). Spain

  6. Treaty of Paris, 1763 • Problem: England won the war, but went into tremendous debt. (140 million) • England controls new land, but has few available soldiers to protect it.

  7. Treaty of Paris, 1763 • Solution: British begin looking for new ways toraise money. • They begin to enforce the Navigation Acts, try to end customs graft (corruption) and collect duties (taxes on imported and exported goods, a tariff). See Sugar Act and Trade Laws Boston Customs House

  8. Pontiac’s Rebellion, 1763 • Situation: After French are forced out of the Ohio Valley, the English take over. • Key Player: Pontiac, Ottawa Chief. He probably fought George Washington at Ft. Necessity. Other Indians included the Delaware.

  9. Pontiac’s Rebellion, 1763 • Problem: Indians are disgusted with theEnglish tradersand are fearful of English settlers.

  10. Pontiac’s Rebellion, 1763 • Solution: Massive attacksthroughout the Great Lakes and the Ohio Valley. • Every British fort except Detroit and Fort Pittare destroyed. 500 soldiers and 2000 colonists are killed.

  11. Pontiac’s Rebellion, 1763 • Response: British send in soldiers to relieve the siege of Fort Pitt.

  12. Battle of Bushy Run, 1763part of Pontiac’s Rebellion • Situation: Fort Pitt under siege by Pontiac.

  13. Battle of Bushy Run, 1763 • Key Players: Pontiac, Ottawa chief and Col. Henry Bouquet, British commander. • Problem: British soldiers have been unable to stop Indians and settlers not killed have left the area.

  14. Battle of Bushy Run, 1763 • Solution: Bouquet fights a disciplined , Indian-style battle . . .

  15. Battle of Bushy Run, 1763 and defeats Pontiac about 20 miles east of Fort Pitt.

  16. Battle of Bushy Run, 1763 Response: Indians flee and eventually sign peace treaty.

  17. Proclamation of 1763 • Situation: England has control of new western land. • Problem: It is hard and expensive to protect settlers from Indians formerly loyal to France.

  18. Proclamation of 1763 • Solution: No settlement allowed west of the Appalachian Mts. This createsa vast Indian reservation. • Colonists angry over potential loss of speculation and settlement opportunities

  19. Proclamation of 1763 • Outcome: Proclamation is ignoredas colonists and British investors compete to get land grants. Army unable to keep settlers out.

  20. Sugar Act 1764 • Problem: British need money to repay war debt. People living in England are heavily taxed. • People living in America are not taxed as much. • Key Player: George Grenville, British Prime Minister

  21. Sugar Act 1764 • Solution: Use tariffs to raise money (instead of regulating trade) by taxing British sugar, among other things (molasses, wine, silk, indigo, coffee).

  22. Sugar Act 1764 • Response:Colonists boycott items taxed and claim “no taxation without representation” because no colonist served in the English Parliament. • Committees of Correspondencekeep the colonists in touch with each other.

  23. Trade Laws 1764 • Situation: Navigation Acts never strictly enforced. Customs officers were corrupt and many Americans smuggled goods to avoid duties.

  24. Trade Laws 1764 • Problem: Customs officers cost Britain four times what they collected in taxes • Solution: Violators of Navigation Acts to be tried outside the colonies. • Burden of proof on the accused.

  25. Trade Laws 1764 • Response: Colonists feel their rights are being violated and that the corrupt officials are given too much power. • Outcome: Tremendous hatred of customs office.

  26. Quartering Act 1765 • Problem: England needs money to pay for colonial defense and colonies not providing much. • Solution: A colony could be ordered to provide housing and supplies for British troops.

  27. Quartering Act 1765 • Response: NY sees it as a sneaky tax and refuses to obey. • Redcoats clash with colonists and the NY assembly is suspended. • Outcome: NY finally complies. Quartering Act expires in 1770 but is renewed in 1774

  28. Stamp Act 1765 • Problem: British military presence in America costly,,colonies not paying their “fair share” and come up with a plan to raise money. • Solution: The first direct (internal) tax.

  29. Stamp Act 1765 • Legal documents had to be on special stamped (seal impressed) paper. • Sticky stamps were required on newspapers, cards, calendars, etc • American stamp agents (salesmen) were appointed. Violators could be tried through vice-admiralty courts (no jury).

  30. Stamp Act 1765 • Response: Stamp Agents threatened by the Sons of Liberty. • Colonists claim “no taxation without representation.” Stamp Act Congress attracts 9 of 13 colonies. • They pledge loyalty to King and a boycottof European goods.

  31. Stamp Act 1765 • Outcome: All stamp agents resign. • Colonists refuse to use stamps. • Boycott hurts London merchants who urge end to Stamp Act.

  32. Repeal of Stamp Act 1766 • Problem: Colonists in an uproar over Stamp Act and their boycott has hurt British merchants. • Solution: The British decide to repeal (take away) the Stamp Act.

  33. Repeal of Stamp Act 1766 • Key Players: Grenville: he wants to enforce it. • William Pitt: he supports the colonists. • Ben Franklin: he explains to Parliament why colonists object to internal taxes, but says they would pay trade (external) taxes. He also warns of rebellion.

  34. Repeal of Stamp Act 1766 • Response: Colonists happy, honor Pitt and King. Boycott dropped. • Outcome: To show Parliament’s authority over colonists, the Declaratory Act is passed. It states that they can and will make any law they want.

  35. The Townshend Act 1767 • Problem: Charles Townshend cut British land tax and must get more money from colonies to make it up. • Solution: External (import duties) on glass, lead, paper, paint & tea. • Allows writs of assistance (broad search warrants) to give authorities more power to catch smugglers

  36. The Townshend Act 1767 • Response: Non importation of British goods (begins in Boston and followed by all colonies except NH). • Sons and Daughters of Liberty enforce the boycott, often with threats of violence.

  37. The Townshend Act 1767 • Response: VA Resolutions, written by George Mason and presented by GW, support non importation of Townshend items and add slaves and luxury goods to the list. • VA governor dissolves House of Burgesses. Defiant Virginians meet in the Raleigh Tavern

  38. The Townshend Act 1767 • Outcome: Trade hurt, Lord North repeals duties except the one on tea. Colonies drop non importation. Trade resumes after Townshend Acts mostly repealed

  39. Non-Importation Agreements

  40. The Boston Massacre 1770 • Problem: Corrupt customs agents are scaredof angry colonists. • Solution: Redcoats sent in for protection • Problem: Off-duty soldiers take jobs from local townspeople because they work for less money.

  41. The Boston Massacre 1770 • Response: A fight between working soldiers and townspeople breaks out in front of the Customs House. Cries of “fire” bring out a riotous crowd who throw objects at the soldiers.

  42. The Boston Massacre 1770 • Response cont. Nervous soldiers fireinto the crowd killing five,(is this a massacre?) including Crispus Attucks, a black man.

  43. The Boston Massacre 1770 • Outcome: Soldiers withdrawn from town. • Great for propaganda (Revere). • 8 soldiers tried, John Adams defends them, 6 are acquitted and two brandedand released.

  44. The Boston Massacre 1770 Find at least 3 similarities and 3 differences Paul Revere’s engraving John Pufford's illustration

  45. Distortions with Paul Revere’s engraving of the Boston Massacre

  46. Burning of The Gaspee1772 • Situation: Since the Sugar Act, customs officers were given more and more power. • If an illegal cargo was seized, the officer got 1/3 of the value of the ship and cargo. • If papers were not filed properly on legal cargo, it too could be seized. • Customs agents would trick merchants ( e.g. John Hancock in 1768) to get their ships and cargo.

  47. Burning of The Gaspee1772 • Situation cont. Smaller vessels were often seized because the owners did not pay the high fees or take the time to register each small journey. The Gaspee used to chase small vessels up and down the New England coast.

  48. Burning of The Gaspee1772 • Problem: The Gaspee ran aground in Rhode Island. • Response: Angry colonists burned the ship • Outcome: English investigators never find out who did it.

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