Big Bang, Black Holes, No Math ASTR/PHYS 109 Dr. David Toback Lectures 2,3 and 4

1. Big Bang, Black Holes, No MathASTR/PHYS 109Dr. David TobackLectures 2,3 and 4

2. Two part, In-Class 5 Minute Quiz • Take out a sheet of paper and label it with Your name, Email address and UIN Answer the following questions: • What do you most want to learn about in this class? • Are you taking ASTR/PHYS 119? Why or why not? • What was the prep work for today? • Are you using 109 for your Tier-2 Science distribution credit? There are no right answers for the first two questions, so please be BRUTALLY honest • Take out your clicker and Choose “E”

3. Prep For Today (is now due) – L2, Part 1 • Reading: • Required: BBBHNM: Chapter 1-4 • Recommended Reading: • BHOT: Chap. 1-3 • SHU: Chap. 1-2 • TOE: Chap. 1 • Pre-Lecture Reading Questions • Read Instructions on FAQ page (and CPR) • 4 questions ready to submit into CPR

4. Prep For Today (is now due) – L2, Part 2 • eCampus Quizzes • eCampus Instructions • Warm-up quizzes and AMS • Other Prep: • Make sure you are receiving email using neo, will use it for class announcements • Did you bring lined paper and your iClicker to class?

5. Prep For Today (is now due) – L3 • Reading: • Required: BBBHNM Unit 1 (1-4) • Recommended Reading: • BHOT: Chap. 1-3 • SHU: Chap. 1-2 • TOE: Chap. 1 • Pre-Lecture Reading Questions • Unit 1 submitted into CPR • eCampus Quizzes • Warm-up quizzes and AMS

6. Prep For Today (is now due) – L4 • Reading: • Required: BBBHNM Unit 1 (1-4) • Recommended Reading: • BHOT: Chap. 1-3 • SHU: Chap. 1-2 • TOE: Chap. 1 • Pre-Lecture Reading Questions • Stages 1 and 2 for Unit 1 completed in CPR • eCampus Quizzes • Warm-up quizzes and AMS

7. FAQ Notes • Lots of people sent me good questions about the CPR assignment • Thank you! • I have updated the FAQ’s so take another look if you have questions • Hopefully they are even better now

8. Start with Reminders from last time

9. Regular and Honors Sections • Regular sections • ASTR 109-501 • PHYS 109-501 • Honors sections • ASTR 109-200 • PHYS 109-200 There is no difference between the Physics and Astronomy sections (All meet together) Students in the honors section will have an extra research paper – See Course WebPage

10. Lab – ASTR/PHYS 119 • You are not required to take the Lab for this course • Useful if you want to use this course as a Tier 2 science course, or just want to learn more/get more in-depth • Two different sections, pick one • Tuesday: 1:00PM-3:00PM • Wednesday: 12:45PM-2:45PM • Will meet this week • You need to read the lab Manual and do the prep work BEFORE lab

11. In-Class Quizzes There will frequently be in-class quizzes • Some will be written answers • Bring a sheet of lined paper everyday • Will need an iClicker for others • Can use/buy an old one • Register with your UIN at http://www.iclicker.com/support/registeryourclicker/ (we will be using eCampus)

12. End-of-Chapter Quizzes in eCampus • There are End-of-Chapter quizzes for each chapter • Helps ensure you have a good knowledge of some of the important FACTS for each chapter • Will be done online, using eCampus • Are assigned AFTER we finish the chapter in lecture, and due before the next lecture

13. End-of-Chapter Quizzes Cont. Bad news: • To pass the course you need to get aperfect score on all of them Good news: • You can take as many attempts as you want until you get a perfect score • I will only count your best score I REALLY want you to learn and get good grades!

14. More on eCampus Quizzes • There are two free warm-up quizzes before the End-of-Chapter quizzes • Need a 100% on this • There will be a course pre-test called AMS (Astronomy Misconception Survey) AFTER you finish the warm up • Please do your best. Won’t count as part of your grade. We just want to know what you know coming into the course • After this is done you will be able to get to the End-of-Chapter Quizzes • First one is Chapter 2 (no chapter 1 quiz)

15. Requirements to Pass the Course • Some things need to be turned in to pass the course • All the stages for each paper • All the End-Of-Chapter quizzes • Some things MUST get a passing grade to pass the course • All End-Of-Chapter quizzes and Pre-Lecture Reading Questions for Unit 1 • Some things in the course are pass/fail the first time, but are for a grade after that • Unit 1 PLRQ • Note: you are allowed (but not encouraged) to get a zero on the later ones

16. Textbook Notes • Some people are still having trouble getting textbook • Quicker to get it at bookstore, but you can order it directly at http://bigbang.physics.tamu.edu/ or get it there as an ebook (cheaper) • First four chapters for free download on the website (go to “textbooks”) • A number of students have already gotten extra credit for typos. List of typos at http://bigbang.physics.tamu.edu/known_textbook_problems.txt • Extra credit for any new ones (email to toback@tamu.edu)

17. Just for Fun… • We have created a “just for fun” Facebook account for students (past, present and future) who want to stay in touch with the course • Learning about the Big Bang and Black Holes Without the Math • It’s not part of the course, but I try to post fun, related things there periodically • If you send me something fun (and appropriate) I’ll post it for everyone • If you send me something fun, but inappropriate, I’ll say thank you and just enjoy privately • Also, lots of fun stuff on http://people.physics.tamu.edu/toback/109/Video/

18. First real assignment: PRLQ for Unit 1

19. Pre-Lecture Reading Questions (PLRQ) • To help focus your reading before class you will be asked to write down 4 questions you have about the reading in a special format • Call these the Pre-Lecture Reading Questions (PLRQ) • Will be turned in online using Calibrated Peer Review (CPR) • Will be doing a full Unit at a time • There is a set of guidelines on what we are looking for on the websites. You need to read them • Unit 1 assignment is Pass/Revise, you have to keep redoing them until you get a passing score on ALL parts of the assignment • Make sure you use HTML formatting • After the submission date, you will finish the CPR assignment • Read the instructions on how to do this

20. A different way of doing Things Will be using the Calibrated Peer Review (CPR) system • Two parts (Call them Stage 1 and Stage 2) • You do your own writing and submit • You review and grade other papers (and your own) • Why? • Learn how to evaluate excellence and give feedback (grade) papers to make them better • Learn to better evaluate your own work to make it excellent BEFORE you turn it in

21. The “I hate CPR Club” • Most students HATE CPR until they get good at it • Many reasons: • Takes practice to get good at the system • Learning how to both be a good writer and be a good editor is really difficult (and incredibly important) skill. Anything worth learning to do is hard • We require you to actually read and follow the instructions • My advice: Don’t fight the system or wish it were “better.” Just do what it takes to get good at it • Don’t hesitate to ask for help • If you are grumbling and neither I nor the TA have heard from you to talk to you about it, then you get what you deserve • Don’t pretend this is a way to get free grading by the instructor… You’ll be wrong and it will just piss you off • More on the system and how to do well on the FAQ pages

22. Calibrated Peer Review Info • Get to CPR from my website or eCampus • Full assignment info on CPR website • Read all the directions carefully • First assignment (Unit 1) is Pass/Revise • You will need to keep submitting until you pass all the portions of the assignment • Guaranteed to get a 100% score while you get good at it • You shouldn’t get penalized while you learn • All other assignments just get graded

23. Stage I and Stage II in CPR Stage I: (Typically due before the first class of the Unit) • Turn it into CPR (online) • Make sure to use HTML formatting (do a Preview to check) Stage II: (Typically due before the following lecture) • Three-Parts • Calibrations (learning to use the Rubrics) • Read example papers and the grading rubric. Grade three example papers (get a free try to pass the grading rubric) • Reviews (Grade three other submissions) • Ignore that it says you have only 5 minutes for this. I have set it so you can start the reviews right after you finish your calibrations • Self-Assessment (Grade your own submission) More info about each stage in the instructions/FAQ Note: You get a separate score for each of the 4 parts (text, calibrations, Reviews and Self-Assessment)

24. Help Available for Stage I • Submit a draft for feedback from the TA • Submit on eCampus in “Rough Drafts (Optional)” • Drafts due Friday at midnight • Can submit later, but we can’t guarantee we can get you feedback before its due. • We also recommend going to the writing center • This is especially true for when we get to the papers • Most common problems: • Not reading the instructions • Not using HTML formatting (do a Preview before submitting)

25. Help Available for Stage II • Stage II help: • Each calibration is graded 0 or 100%. • You only get 2 tries for each of the 3 calibrations • Many students have trouble with the calibrations because they do them RIGHT before they are due, and do them too quickly (and then fail them) • Our advice: Do them early and ask for help if you fail one the first time

26. Unit 1 and Later Units • Unit 1 assignment is different than the others • It is Pass/Revise • You must pass ALL four parts separately, just a good overall score is NOT good enough. You will need: • >70% on the overall score • >7.0 on the text portion of your paper • >22/30 on the calibration portion • >22/30 on the reviews • >7/10 on the self-assessment • Have done the proper HTML formatting in your submission • If you don’t pass the first time, you will have to do a Revision Assignment (all the parts) until you pass • Later units are just your combined score for all parts • You can do a revision if you want to get a better grade • We will average the two scores

27. Plan for Each Chapter Example for Chapter 2: • Before Lecture: • Read Chapters 1-4 in BBBHNM (Unit 1) • Submit 4 questions PLRQ in CPR for Unit 1 • During Lecture • Listen & Ask Questions • Take clicker and other quizzes • After Lecture • Finish CPR for PLRQ for Unit 1 before the next class • If we finish Chapter 2, then take End-of-Chapter quiz 2 in eCampus

28. Going Big – Chapter 2 • You have to get started somewhere • Start by looking at the various things in the universe • Go from sizes we know to the VERY big • After that we’ll do the very small • Chapter 3

29. The Very Big: Why Start Here? • If we want to understand the universe and where it comes from (and what’s going to happen to it) we need to know: • What’s in it • What it’s made of • Said differently, "What are we trying to explain?” • If we were detectives trying to explain what happened, we’d need to gather evidence: What’s the evidence we can gather by looking at the scene of the crime?

30. Starting out… Just starting out… A size we know: The nose in front of your face (well… someone’s face) 10 centimeters, or 0.1 meters, or 10-1 meters. About 3 inches

31. Look from father away... Moving out, but still staying at sizes we know and love 1 meter (or about 3 feet)

32. Bigger still… The Statue of Liberty in New York 10 meters (or about 30 feet)

33. Keep going… 100 meters or about a football field, or 102 meters

34. Starting to get out there… Manhattan and the Hudson river 1 kilometer or 103 meters

35. Even bigger… use an airplane • Can see the grid structure of Manhattan • Important to the story? Yes! Can tell us a LOT about how New York City was constructed! 10 kilometers or 104 meters

36. Go to Drawings • Manhattan • Statue of Liberty • Atlantic ocean 100 kilometers or 105 meters

37. Yet bigger… • The eastern coast of the U.S. • If we looked at photos we would see no evidence of human life except for lights at night 1000 km or 106 meters (1 Megameter)

38. The Earth from Space Now we can see most of the Earth, but we can’t see the streets 107 meters!

39. More Earth The Earth is a sphere in space 108 meters!

40. More Drawings Orbit of the Moon (27.3 days) The Earth 109 meters, a billion meters (a gigameter), a million miles

41. The Earth orbiting the Sun • The Earth on its trajectory around the sun • The Moon going around the Earth 1010 meters!

42. Earth around the Sun • Orbit of the Earth • Yellow circle is the Moon’s orbit • Orbit of Venus 1011 meters!

43. The Inner Planets • Mars, Earth, Venus and Mercury orbiting the Sun • All the planets move in the same direction (counterclockwise in this picture) • A clue? 1012 meters! ~A billion miles!

44. The Outer Planets • Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune • Again all move in the same direction! • Look from the side: All move in the same plane!Another clue? 1013 meters!

45. The Whole Solar System • Mostly empty space, but some stuff • Typically only 1 hydrogen atom per cubic centimeter (size of a standard die) • There is other stuff we’ll talk about like cosmic background radiation and dark matter 1014 meters!

46. Mostly Empty Space • More interstellar space • The small circle is the orbit of Pluto 1015 meters! ~trillion miles

47. More Empty Space On this scale the solar system is a tiny dot 1016 meters!

48. The Nearest Stars • Alpha Centauri A, Alpha Centauri B and Proxima Centauri • Proxima Centauri is the closest at 4.0x1016 meters from the sun • Same as 4.2 light-years away • (it takes light 4.2 years to get there) • 1 light-year is about a trillion miles 1017 meters!

49. The Brightest Stars in Our Sky • Only the brightest stars are shown • Almost 2000 in reality 1018 meters!

50. Next Round… • Again, only the brightest • ~2 million total in this space 1019 meters!