Nationalism, Sectionalism, Expansion, Age of Jackson, Reform Movements

1. Nationalism, Sectionalism, Expansion, Age of Jackson, Reform Movements

2. Sectionalism A. ________________Differences 1. _________________Economy a. __________________ i. beginning of manufacturing ii. textile mills b. ________________ – Second BUS i. need capital to start new business ii. favored the North; loaned money more to northern businessmen c. __________________ – farming d. ___________________ - factories e. Tariff of 1816 – tax on _______________ to help businesses in US compete

3. Sectionalism 2. ___________ – Agriculture a. _____________________ – Eli Whitney (1793) i. demand for _____________ ii. demand for cotton in Britain b. __________ made manufactured goods more ____________ for southern businessmen/plantation owners c. slave revolts – ________________ (1831)

4. Sectionalism 3. _______ – New Frontier a. ___________________ (1803) – extended boundary to Rocky Mts. b. BUS seen to favor _______________ businessmen over western ___________

5. Sectionalism • Slavery a. __________________ (1820) i. Missouri– ______ state; ii. Maine– ________ state iii. territory north of 36 30 line – ________; south of line – __________ iii. only delayed the crisis

6. Nationalism A. A Stronger _____________ Gov’t 1. The _________________ System (1815) – Henry Clay • plan to unite the country __________________ i. ___________– make goods to sell in South and West ii. ______________ – produce food, cotton for the North b. _____________ to protect American goods c. new _______________________ d. Improvements in___________________ – build roads, canals, rr’sw/ $ collected from tariffs to link country

7. Nationalism • Supreme Court Cases a. _________________________ i. Maryland tried to tax branch of the ______________________ ii. SC said that was ______________________; supremacy of the national gov’t over state gov’t (“the power to tax is the power to destroy”) b. _________________________ • _________________ gov’t can regulate/control _________________ commerce

8. Nationalism • Foreign Policy a. ___________________ i. Pres. Monroe warned ____________ countries to stay out of the _____________________; no new colonies

10. Westward Expansion _____________________ • belief that the US was supposed to extend from __________________Ocean • First used in a newspaper article in the 1840’s

11. Westward Migration • The Frontier 1. West – north of Ohio R. • 1775 - Daniel Boone hired to cut new road to west 3. 1787 – ____________________ a. rules for establishing new __________ in territories b. no ______________ in Northwest Territory

12. Westward Expansion A. Reasons for Migration West 1. ______________ Factors a. _________________ b. religious persecution 2. ______________ Factors a. cheap _______________ b. adventure B. Trails West 1. Santa Fe Trail 2. _________________ Trail 3. _________________ Trail

13. Westward Expansion • Movement West 1. _______________(1803) 2. _______________ Treaty a. ___________ - from Spain (1819) 3. Oregon Territory a. “__________________________________________” i. slogan of supporters to annex whole territory ii. treaty signed w/_________ for Oregon

14. Westward Expansion 2. Annexation of _____________ a. 1830’s – more Americans than Mexicans in Texas b. 1833 – Texas Revolution i. led by ___________________ ii. 1836 – “______________________” - Jim Bowie, Davie Crockett - fort defended by Texans; taken by Mexican Army c. 1836 – Texas wins ______________________ i. Republic of Texas led by ______________________

15. Westward Expansion d. 1845 – Texas ________________ by US i. South saw chance to expand ____________ ii. dispute w/Mexico over ______________

16. Westward Expansion e. _____________________War (1846-48) i. Pres. Polk wanted New Mexico, California territories (_____________________) ii. Treaty of Guadalupe Hildago (1848) - Mexico ____________ Texas to US - border set at _______________ • ___________________________: US paid for New Mexico, Cal. Territories iii. California Gold Rush (1849) • Gadsden Purchase (1853) i. ___________________completed

17. New Technology A. Industrial Revolution (1789) 1. ______________________ a. 1793 – spinning machine (____________________) i. first _________________(RI) b. 1793 – _______________________, cotton gin (Whitney) c. 1814 – factory system (Francis Lowell) i. built factory town (MA) d. mechanical reaper (Cyrus McCormick) e. _______________(John Deere)

18. New Technology • Transportation • 1807 – steamboat (Robert Fulton) • 1811- National Road (toll road to west) • 1825 – Erie Canal • link Atlantic w/Great Lakes (Ohio River Valley) b. use Miss. River to get west 4. 1828 – Baltimore/Ohio RR

19. Age of Jackson • Election of 1824 • JQ Adams v. Jackson a. no majority in electoral votes – election goes to ____ b. Clay supported JQ Adams c. JQ Adams named Clay at Sec. of State =>Corrupt Bargain

20. Age of Jackson • Election of 1828 • before 1828, who could vote? • what changed? • Jackson won • spoils system i. Jackson rewarded supporters w/gov’t jobs (Democrats)

21. Age of Jackson C. __________________ Policy 1. ______________________Act (1830) a. tribes forced further west to make room for more _______________ b. ___________________(1832) i. Cherokee Nation sued to keep land ii. ___________________ – ruled in favor of Cherokee iii. _____________ ignored ruling c. ____________________(1838) i. forced march west

22. Age of Jackson • States Rights • Tariff of 1828 (“________________________”) a. high tariff favored ________ b. upset the ___________ c. VP __________________ hated the tariff i. argued states had right to __________ act of Congress (law) that they believed was _______________________ =>______________________ theory d. South Carolina talked about __________________; tariff reduced => ___________________________

23. Age of Jackson 2. ________________(Second BUS) a. Jackson thought BUS favored _______________businessmen over ____________ farmers (giving loans) b. he ___________ bill to renew the BUS i. said money should be put in state banks in states loyal to Democratic Party (“pet banks”)

25. Age of Jackson • Consequences of Jackson’s policies 1. Was he a _______________or a ________________? • new political party formed – __________________

26. Reform Movements A. ______________ of Reform Movement 1. ______________ a. Second Great Awakening (1800’s) i. anyone can gain _______________(democratic) ii. people can improve ___________ b. New Denominations i. new Protestant churches - Baptists, Methodists ii. ____________________- Joseph Smith, Brigham Young (Utah) c. AME Churches

27. Reform Movements 2. ____________________ a. taught that a person can solve problems/find truth through _______________________ b. rejected _____________ religion • supported ___________ movement d. people naturally good; dignity of every person

28. Reform Movements • led by ___________________________ (writer) i. pushed for a new “__________ culture” => _________________ f. _________________________ i. Walden- experiment in simple living ii. __________________________ – ____________________ protest of unjust laws iii. less gov’tbetter (like which early president? ___________________ - “The government is best which governs _________________.”

29. Reform Movements g. ____________________________ i. period in art, literature w/emphasis on emotion, nature ii. ____________________________ - _____________________, natural beauty of US iii. first “American” writers using __________________ themes - Washington Irving (The Legend of Sleepy Hollow) - James Fennimore Cooper (The Last of the Mohicans) - Walt Whitman, _______________

30. Reform Movements B. _________________ of Reform 1. _____________________Movement a. abstinence from _________________ b. Women’s Christen Temperance Union (1870’s) 2. _____________________ a. push for free public schools b. _____________________ 3. _____________________________ a. improve conditions/treatment b. _____________________ 4. ___________________ Communities a. “perfect” societies b. _____________________ c. New Harmony, IN d. Shaker communities

31. Reform Movements 5. ________________________ a. __________________ movement b. 1807 – all _____________ states __________________ slavery c. 1808 – US slave trade stopped d. 1822 – _____________________ movement; US colony started for ex-slaves – ______________ e. American Anti-Slavery Society i. ____________________________ ii. _________________________– abolitionist newspaper iii. end slavery ___________ iv. ________________________

32. Reform Movements f. other _______________________ i. Sarah/Angelina Grimke ii. Sojourner Truth g. ____________________________ i. ____________________________ h. Reaction to Abolition i. increased ________________ b/t _________________________ - slave rebellions - anti-slavery writings banned ii. _______________– most though abolition too _________________ - freed slaves would take ____________________from white men iii. _______________– abolition a threat to ________________________

33. Reform Movements i. ___________________ - __________________ (1852) • opened eyes in ____________to evils of ______________ • taken as a ____________________in the South

34. Reform Movements 6. _____________ Movement a. before reform – cult of domesticity i. women in charge of ________________________ b. _____________________ (1848) i. meeting to discuss ______________________ ii. Declaration of Sentiments iii. Lucretia Mott, ________________________