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Movement of oxygen within the body

Movement of oxygen within the body. Movement of oxygen. PULMONARY CIRCUIT (Lungs): Blood enters the right atrium of the heart via the vena cava (major vein): The blood is deoxygenated , and high in carbon dioxide

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Movement of oxygen within the body

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  1. Movement of oxygen within the body

  2. Movement of oxygen • PULMONARY CIRCUIT (Lungs): • Blood enters the right atrium of the heart via the vena cava (major vein): • The blood is deoxygenated, and high in carbon dioxide • It is low in glucose and other nutrients; it is also high in urea, other nitrogenous wastes and various poisons. • As the heart beats, the right ventricle pumps the blood through the pulmonary artery, to the lungs: • Here the blood gains oxygen, and loses its carbon dioxide. • The blood then enters the left atrium via the pulmonary vein.

  3. Movement of oxygen • SYSTEMIC CIRCUIT (Body): • The left ventricle pumps oxygenated blood to the body through the aorta. • In the body, various changes occur to the blood. • The blood loses oxygen and gains carbon dioxide in all body cells, as respiration occurs. Glucose levels also drop.

  4. Oxygen in different organs • In the LIVER: • Levels of glucose are regulated – excess glucose is changed to glycogen, or glycogen stores are changed to glucose (if needed) • Excess amino acids are changed to ammonia, and then to urea • Poisons are also reduced, as the liver changes them to less toxic forms • In the INTESTINES: • Levels of nutrients from digestion increase. • Glucose, amino acids, ions, lipids and other substances from food enter the blood. The increase is through the small intestines reabsorption of food • In the KIDNEYS: • Salt and water levels are regulated • All urea is removed, toxins are excreted into the urine • The changed blood, again highly deoxygenated, then flows back to the pulmonary circuit. • need for removal of carbon dioxide

  5. Explain why the removal of carbon dioxide from cells is essential • All living cells need oxygen for respiration. • As a result of respiration, carbon dioxide is produced • When carbon dioxide dissolves in water, it makes carbonic acid. • This means that if a lot of carbon dioxide is produced, the body cells (and the blood and lymph) will become acidic. • As studied before, enzymes can only function within a specific pH range • So an increase in carbon dioxide will result in a lowering of pH, which will affect the overall metabolism of the body.

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