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SOURCES OF DRUGS

SOURCES OF DRUGS. DR. SHABANA ALI . SOURCES OF DRUGS. NATURAL Plants Oldest source of drugs used empirically Leaves, seeds, flowers, roots, bark etc Problems: Identification of plant Climatic and social conditions of area Season of collection Condition of storage cont.

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SOURCES OF DRUGS

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  1. SOURCES OF DRUGS DR. SHABANA ALI

  2. SOURCES OF DRUGS • NATURAL • Plants Oldest source of drugs used empirically Leaves, seeds, flowers, roots, bark etc Problems: Identification of plant Climatic and social conditions of area Season of collection Condition of storage cont.

  3. Standardization of active principle • Purity of active ingredient • Maintenance of supply line • Active principle is synthesized after detection e.g. morphine, codeine, digitalis, quinine, atropine, reserpine and pilocarpine

  4. VARIOUS FORMS OF PLANT DRUG • Extract, infusions, decoction, powders etc • Chemicals (alkaloids, glycosides, oil, resins, tannins, gums etc.) isolated from different forms are used for humans and animals, c/d active principles

  5. b) Animals • Modern drugs • Active principles are proteins, oil and fats, enzymes and hormones • e.g. gonadotropins, heparin, insulin, thyroid extract and enzymes

  6. c) Microorganisms • Antibiotics derived = fungi and bacteria after discovery of penicillin in 1928 and its use in 1940 • Use for infective diseases • E.g. penicillin, streptomycin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol and erythromycin

  7. d) Minerals • Metals, metalloids, non-metal subs. and their compounds • E.g. iron, calcium, magnesium, aluminium, sodium, potassium, sulphur, lithium etc

  8. 2) SEMI-SYNTHETIC • Complex molecules • Expensive and for impure natural compound • E.g. 6-aminopencillanic acid (fungus), semi-synthetic human insulin (pork insulin)

  9. 4) SYNTHETIC • Pharmaceutical laboratory • Organic or inorganic or combination of organic and inorganic compounds • >90% drugs • E.g. older drug; chloroform, ether, nitrous oxide, chloral hydrate • Antipyretics, sulphonamides, antihistamines, anticonvulsants, anti anxiety etc

  10. RECOMBINANT DNA TECHNOLOGY • Human insulin human proinsulin gene cDNA E.coli treat proinsulin to form insulin • Growth hormone, tissue plasminogen activator, vaccines, interferon, erythropoitins, G-colony stimulating factor

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