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Ancient History

Ancient History. Early History. Scientists: Archaeologists - scientists who dig for artifacts and traces of early settlements Artifacts are human-made objects Anthropologists - scientists who study people’s cultural behavior

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Ancient History

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  1. Ancient History

  2. Early History • Scientists: • Archaeologists- scientists who dig for artifacts and traces of early settlements • Artifacts are human-made objects • Anthropologists- scientists who study people’s cultural behavior • Culture-people’s unique way of life including customs, family life, and social relationships

  3. Early History • Those who could walk upright are called hominids • Prehistory is the time before the development of writing

  4. Early History • Origin of man is Africa and man migrated out

  5. Early History • The next evolution of hominids? • Bones found in Neander Valley in Germany = Neanderthals

  6. Early History • The next version? = Cro-Magnon • Closely resemble us • The common picture for the cave man

  7. RECIPES • R-Religion (how people relate to the unknown) • E-Economic (how people made a living) • C-Cultural (how people express themselves using painting, sculptures, music, dance, theater, and literature) • I-Intellectual (how people think or what they invent in science, math, philosophy, or tech) • P-Political (how people are governed) • E-Environmental (physical places where people are • S-Social (how people organize in society)

  8. Early History • Paleolithic Age (Early Stone Age)- mastered fire, development of language, created art and invented stone tools • No Civilization started because people were just trying to survive

  9. Early History • People who move place to place to search for food = Nomads • They were hunter-gatherers • Males hunted • Females gathered • Small groups and small bodies

  10. Cave Paintings • The first works of art

  11. Early History • Neolithic Age • During the Neolithic Revolution, people developed agriculture • Agriculture was developed at the different times in different parts of the world • Plow invented • Wheel invented

  12. Early History • Agriculture will lead to development of villages • Why?

  13. Early History • All early civilizations developed in river valleys

  14. Early History • Civilization Characteristics: • Advanced cities • Specialized workers • Complex institutions • Record keeping • Advanced technology

  15. Early History • Cultural Diffusion: Borrowing or exchanging of goods and ideas between peoples

  16. Sumer • Oldest civilization developed in the Fertile Crescentbetween 2 rivers: Tigris and Euphrates • Between 2 rivers is called Mesopotamia

  17. Sumer • Governed by theocracy (led by religious leaders or a divine leader) • Barter- exchange goods for other goods • Sumer started Bronze Age.

  18. Sumer • Pyramid shaped temples of Sumer society - Ziggurat • Compare to a pyramid.

  19. Sumerians later • Created irrigation-bringing of water to crops by using canals and ditches • City State was formed where a city controls the area around the city • Kings started dynasties (kids inherit)

  20. Writing • Sumer developed the first writing system called cuneiform • Created Gilgamesh hero of the world’s oldest epic

  21. Sumer’s Religion • Polytheistic- believed in many gods • Enlil most powerful (sky and cloud god) • Wicked Udugs (lowest gods) • Believed in roughly of 3000 gods

  22. Sumer Culture • Agriculture economy • Windowless box houses • Can move up in society • Slaves (prisoners of war or children sold to pay debts) can work to become free • Women could own property and join lower ranks of priesthood, but most were uneducated • Invented number system with a base of 60

  23. Art of Sumer

  24. Sargon of Akkad • Created world’s first empire (many different people, cultures, and nations under one ruler)

  25. Akkad • Borrower Empire-takes over a country and adopts their culture

  26. Code of Hammurabi • Hammurabi was king of Babylon • First written code of laws • The principal was “eye for an eye”

  27. Egypt • Civilization started on the Nile River

  28. Egypt continued • Menes unites upper and lower Egypt and started the Old Kingdom • Egypt was ruled by pharaohs (god-kings). They led the religion and government. • Pyramids built as a tomb for the dead pharaohs

  29. Egyptian Culture • Polytheistic • More than 2000 gods • High God is Ra • Death God is Osiris and his wife Issis • Egyptians could move up in society • Slavery was used • Women were almost equal • Could own property • Could divorce and receive 1/3 of property

  30. Mummies • Pull brain out of nostrils with iron hook • With sharp stone they would cut you on the side and take out your bowels • They would remove your organs and put them in jars • Fill you up with spices and perfume and sew you up. • Leave you in a preserver for 70 days then wrap you

  31. Writing • Egyptians used hieroglyphics where pictures were used to show ideas and sound

  32. Rosetta Stone • The way to read hieroglyphics was lost for 1000’s of years until Napoleon found the Rosetta Stone which allowed us to decipher the pictures

  33. The Fall of Egypt • Group of Asians called Hyksos came with chariots and took over the Egyptian Civilization.

  34. Egyptian Empire • Pharaohs overthrew the Hyksos • The New Kingdom (rulers after the Hyksos) started to expand Egypt

  35. Great Egyptian Pharaohs • Hatshepsut: First Women ruler • Thutmose III expanded Egypt through war • Others • Nefertiti (Rachel Wiez in the “Mummy”) • Akenaton (monotheistic ruler) • King Tut (grave untouched)

  36. Ramses II • Ramses II was the last great pharaoh

  37. Egypt Declines • Unknown group called “People of the Sea” attacked Egypt and the Hittites weakening them further • Egypt eventually faded

  38. Kush move • Arrival of the Assyrians forced the Kushites to flee to Meroe and started a trading empire there

  39. Assyria • With a large and organized military, Assyria conquered the Fertile Crescent and Egypt

  40. Assyria • Destroyer Empire- They destroyed all cultures of other peoples • Its capital was Nineveh • Under Assyrian king Ashurbanipal, Nineveh had the largest library in the world

  41. Fall of Assyria • Combined army attacked Assyria and burned down Nineveh • The fire glazed the tablets, so they were preserved for archaeologists to find

  42. New Babylon Empire • Nebuchadnezzar restored the city • The Hanging Gardens of Babylon is one of the seven wonders of the world

  43. Judaism • God chose Abraham to be the father of the Hebrew people and he made a covenant with him • The Hebrew’s God was called Yahweh and they believed in him only= Monotheistic

  44. Judaism • The Hebrews migrated to Egypt where they were enslaved • Moses led the Exodus out of Egypt

  45. Judaism • After much fighting, only one large tribe left (Judah=called Jews) • The Hebrews united under 3 kings to form Israel • Saul (first king) • David (beat Goliath and great warrior) • Solomon (greatest of all Israeli kings)

  46. Judaism • After Solomon, the kingdom divides into 2 • Israel in the North • Judah in the South

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