Ancient History Review

1. Ancient History Review

3. Early River Civ’s • Mesopotamia (Middle East)-Hammurabi's Code (laws)

4. Egypt • many gods • life after death • preserved bodies • Hieroglyphics • Pharaoh or god-king • Hatshepsut-Queen • King Tut

6. Ancient Hebrews • Moses led Hebrews slaves out of Egpyt/10 commandants (laws) • Holy Land • After 70 AD Jews were forced from their Holy Land (DIASPORA)

7. Ancient Greece • Mountains/rocky • City-States • Mythology- Greek Gods and Goddesses, heroes • Representative Democracy • Pericles- believed that citizens should serve their gov’t and their should be equal opportunity to serve

8. Ancient India • Caste System- people belonged to certain classes • Bhagavad-Gita -story of warrior prince, written in Sanskrit (ancient Indian language) • Buddhism

9. China • Developed on river • Mountains • Confucius-code of proper conduct, used in the Gov’t, social order, family relationship

10. Roman Empire • Italy • Roman Republic elected representatives • Roman Achievements-roads (communication), aqueducts (water) • Julius Caesar& Augustus-Roman Emperor

11. Decline of the Roman Empire • Internal and External • Corruption • Invasions • Christianity-Edict of Milan allowed Christians to worship in Empire, before believed in MANY gods • Impact • Representative government • Engineering (roads, aqueducts) • Art • Language basis of many European languages (i.e. Spanish, French)

13. World History Review

14. Islam • Arabian Peninsula/Arabic • Mohammed-prophet of Islam • Advances in math, science • Militaristic • 5 pillars (fasting, praying, pilgrimage)

15. China in the Middle Ages • Confucianism-education, scholar-official • Yuan then Ming • Inventions- • Papermaking • Porcelain • Compass • Movable type

16. African Empires • Saharan and Sub-Saharan • Salt and gold • Trading • Muslims

17. Medieval Japan • Used Chinese writing system • Feudalism • Samurai-hired warriors who lived by code called bushido

18. Samurai

19. Medieval Europe • Feudalism- relationships • Catholic Church-all powerful, everyone was Catholic • Crusades-fight between Muslims and Christians over Holy Land • Kings vs. Popes- over power Pope Gregory vs. King Henry • Democracy-Magna Carta- limited kings power

20. The America’s • Maya (Mexico), Aztec (Mexico), Inca (South America, Peru) • Many gods, sacrifice • Writing systems (Maya, Aztec) • Calendar System • Road system (Peru) • Pyramids (Maya, Aztec) • Aztec and Incan ended by Conquest (Spanish)

21. Renaissance • “Rebirth”-focus on human achievement/humanism • Art, literature, science • Michelangelo, Da Vinci, Mona Lisa • Painting looked 3D, Christian themes • Shakespeare • Printing press-Guttenberg's Bible

22. Reformation • Problems in the Catholic Church • Spanish Inquisition • Selling of indulgences or pardons for sin, corruption • 95 Theses-arguments against church • Martin Luther-faith only • Calvin-Predestination • Church of England-Henry VIII • Weakened Catholic Churches, new ways of worshiping

23. Scientific Revolution • New scientific theories • Copernicus and Galileo (put on trial) - Earth revolves around the sun • Newton-gravity • Bacon-scientific method • Catholic Church again weakened-science knows some stuff too!

24. Exploration • Exploration • Better ships and technology • Columbus “discovered” America • Disease spread • Slave trade • Europe wants to form colonies • Spanish destroy populations of Aztecs and Incans

25. Enlightenment • Scientific approach to society • Democracy and peoples rights • Locke, Voltaire, • Americans declare independence from England based on Enlightenment ideas

26. United States History (Our Country!!)

27. 13 Colonies then Revolution • 13 English Colonies • British Territory in the New World • Factors that brought revolution • Great Awakening opened minds about themselves • Happened before Revolution • Discussion and debate

28. Declaration of Independence • 13 colonies wanted to be free of mother country Great Britain • Life, liberty and happiness • Can change laws that are unfair • Listed problems colonies had with king • Declared Independence • Government should be “by the people” • Beginning of REVOLT/REVOLUTION!!

29. Articles of Confederation, then Constitution • First attempt at Gov was A of C-did not work so wrote the Constitution • Construction • “The Great Compromise”- balance freedom and power w/ Senate (equal representation) and H of R (based on population) • Bill of Rights- protections for INDIVDUAL AND STATES • Hoped slavery would decline

30. Principles of American Gov’t • Federalism • Shared between states and strong national gov’t • Separation of Powers • 3 branches of gov’t- executive (enforces laws/pres), legislature (makes laws) and judicial (reviews laws) • Checks and Balances • No one person/part of gov’t has too much power • Freedom of the Press-people can educate themselves, check on gov’t (watchdog)

31. Political Parties • Stated w/ debates of Constitution • Federalist vs Anti-Federalists

32. Rebellions • Shay’s Rebellion (1786) • Massachusetts • End of Articles of Confederation • Showed need for strong central gov’t • The Whiskey Rebellion (1794) • Whiskey Tax • Farmer’s • Showed governments new authority • Put down quickly, Pres showed up!

33. Washington’s Farewell • Unity • No political parties • No debt

34. Growing Bigger • 1803 Louisiana Purchase • Lewis and Clark-explored LP trying to find way to Pacific Ocean

35. Nation’s Literature/Art • Washington Irving and James Fennimore Cooper • America’s sense of identity • Native Americans • Nature

36. War of 1812 • Another war w/ Britain • British disrespect of shipping rights and Native American • When British withdrew NA not able to stop settlers

37. New Policies • Monroe Doctrine • Think “NO” to Europeans in North and South America • Manifest Destiny • Its our FATE to move westward to the Pacific Ocean • Native America treaties ignored

38. Fighting for Rights because not everyone had them • Abolitionists • Wanted slavery “abolished” • Frederick Douglass • Former slave • North Star • William Lloyd Garrison, too • Women’s Rights • Seneca Falls-wanted suffrage or right to vote • Focused in northeast part of country • Susan B. Anthony, Elizabeth Cady Stanton

39. Meanwhile in the South Cotton is King!! Cotton Gin Plantation owners rule… Slavery Free blacks-could not vote or get an education

40. Jackson • Indian Removal Act • Trail of Tears

41. Texan Independence & Mex-Amer War • Texas belonged to Mexico-Lone Star Republic • Texas dispute=war • New territory

42. Slave vs Free States • State’s Rights Doctrine-states could break away and didn’t have to follow all laws

43. North Vs. South • North • Movement to cities • Cold Climate • Poor for farming • industrialization • Textiles (fabric) • Factories • South • Few cities • Slave work • Agriculture • Farming/cotton/tobacco • Warm Climate • Good for farming

44. RED=UNION OR YANKEES BLUE=CONFEDERATES OR REBELS

45. The Civil War • Lincoln is President • Goal as president: to maintain UNITY-the South had seceded • Gettysburg Address • Like the Dec of Independence • SELF GOVERNMENT & HUMAN RIGHTS

46. Lincoln’s 2ndInaugual Address (was voted president again during the Civil War) • “With malice toward none; with charity for • all; with firmness in the right, as God gives • us to see the right, let us strive on to finish • the work we are in; to bind up the nation’s • wounds; to care for him who shall have • borne the battle, and for his widow and • orphan, to do all which may achieve and • cherish a just and lasting peace among • ourselves, and with all nations.” • After the war, Lincoln wants to rebuild and make peace with the South

47. During the Civil War • South wins a lot of battles in the beginning the South has a military background BUT • Later on…the Union defeats the South • WHY?? North has more: • MONEY • INFASTRUCTURE (ROADS, TRAINS, HARBORS/SHIPS) • Strategy: Union cuts off Southern ports and prevents Confederates from selling cotton to Europe

49. Richmond, VA