Chapter 14 Careers in Therapeutic Exercise

1. Chapter 14 Careers in Therapeutic Exercise chapter 14 Careers in Therapeutic Exercise Chad Starkey

2. Therapeutic Exercise Defined The systematic and scientific application of exercise and movement experiences to develop or restore muscular strength, endurance, or flexibility; neuromuscular coordination; cardiovascular efficiency; and other health and performance factors.

3. Figure 14.1

4. Goals of Therapeutic Exercise Professionals To help people restore lost function (rehabilitative therapeutic exercise) or acquire skills and functions considered normal or expected (habilitative therapeutic exercise).

5. Types of Therapeutic Exercise Rehabilitative therapeutic exercise: Processes and treatments that restore skills or functions that were previously acquired but have been lost because of injury, disease, or behavioral traits Habilitative therapeutic exercise: Processes and treatments leading to the acquisition of skills and functions that are considered normal and expected for an individual of a certain age and status

6. Therapeutic Exercise Focus Both rehabilitative and habilitative therapeutic exercise focus on developing the body’s systems so people are less likely to become injured or diseased.

7. Rehabilitative Therapeutic Exercise Exercise therapy for the rehabilitation of musculoskeletal injuries Exercise therapy for rehabilitation of athletic injuries Exercise therapy for rehabilitation of postsurgical trauma Exercise therapy in cardiopulmonary rehabilitation Exercise therapy for the rehabilitation of older populations Exercise therapy for the rehabilitation of psychological disorders (mind–body relationship)

8. Habilitative Therapeutic Exercise Exercise therapy for specialized habilitation Exercise therapy for habilitation of obese populations Exercise therapy for habilitation of children with developmental disorders Exercise therapy for habilitation of general fitness

9. Sedentary Lifestyles Societal changes have negatively affected the health of a significant portion of the population. The information age has created a relatively sedentary group of people. Therapeutic exercise—even in the form of casual recreation—can offer a more balanced lifestyle.

10. Therapeutic Exercise Settings Inpatient facilities Outpatient clinic settings Sport team settings Private practice

11. Overviews of Professions in Therapeutic Exercise Credentials for each profession vary and also change regularly, so be sure to monitor any changes taking place in your profession to ensure that you are meeting the required standards for employment for education, licensure, and so on. A brief overview of each therapeutic exercise professional follows.

12. Athletic Trainer Responsible for the prevention, evaluation, management, treatment, and rehabilitation of athletic injuries Accredited athletic training program Clinical rotations Education and credentials Certification through the Board of Certification for Athletic Trainers Employment opportunities Rapidly growing field, especially as the variety of settings for employment increase

13. Acute care Administration Assessment and evaluation of injuries and illnesses Biomechanics* Chemistry Counseling Exercise physiology Gross anatomy Human anatomy Human physiology Injury prevention Nutrition Pathology Pharmacology Physics Statistics Therapeutic exercise Therapeutic modalities Sample Course Work for Athletic Training * Still called kinesiology at some universities.

14. Clinical Exercise Physiologist Cardiac, pulmonary, and metabolic disease care Exercise testing Exercise prescription Program administration Employment settings Education and credentials Recommended undergraduate and graduate degree Specialized courses and certifications (ACSM) Exercise specialist Registered clinical exercise physiologist Required credentials vary by state Employment opportunities Growth in aging population resulting in growth of these types of positions

15. Advanced cardiac life support Cardiopulmonary assessment Cardiopulmonary disease Cardiopulmonary physiology Cardiopulmonary technology Clinical biomechanics* Echocardiography Electrocardiography Exercise physiology Exercise prescription Imaging devices Nutrition Pathophysiology Pharmacology Physics Respiratory care Sample Course Work for Cardiac Rehabilitation Specialist or Clinical Exercise Physiologist * Still called kinesiology at some universities.

16. Occupational Therapist Helps injured or ill individuals reach their maximum level of independence by emphasizing the acquisition and retention of functional skills Employment settings Education and credentials National Board for Certification in Occupational Therapy, Inc. State licensure OT: Master’s degree (as of 2007) OTA: two-year degree program Employment opportunities Growth related to increased services being provided to children

17. Occupational Therapist Abnormal psychology Assistive technology Biology Biomechanics* Gross anatomy Human anatomy Human performance abilities Human physiology Neuroanatomy Occupational analysis Physical dysfunction Psychology Statistics Occupational Therapy Assistant Biomechanics* Human anatomy Human development Human physiology Neurology Occupational therapy procedures Organization and administration Psychology Psychosocial dysfunction Sample Course Work for Occupational Therapy *Still called kinesiology at some universities.

18. Physical Therapy Specialty Certifications

19. Physical Therapist Provides rehabilitative care to a diverse patient population with a wide range of injuries, illnesses, and diseases Education and credentials Educated as a generalist, tends to specialize in practice (seven specialty areas) Physical therapist (plans, directs, implements patient care) Accredited master’s degree program (doctorate of PT required by 2020) State licensure Physical therapist assistant Delivers care under direction of PT Accredited two-year program State licensure (continued)

20. Physical Therapist (continued) Employment settings Geriatric care Pediatric care Sport physical therapy Employment opportunities Increased survival rates of accident victims along with increased support from employers indicates growth in job opportunities.

21. Physical Therapist’s Role A physical therapist administers patients’ programs and performs the required functional evaluations. A physical therapist’s assistant assumes much of the hands-on patient care, functioning under the physical therapist’s supervision.

22. Pre–Physical Therapy Biology Chemistry Exercise physiology Physics Human anatomy Human physiology Psychology/developmental psychology Physical Therapist (Entry-Level Clinical Doctorate Degree) Biomechanics* Cardiopulmonary evaluation and treatment Clinical medicine Geriatrics Gross anatomy Management and reimbursement Medical ethics Musculoskeletal evaluation and treatment Musculoskeletal imaging Neuroanatomy Neurological evaluation and treatment Pathology and pathophysiology Pediatric evaluation and treatment Pediatric neurology Pharmacology Psychological and social aspects of disability Statistics and research design Therapeutic modalities Sample Course Work for Physical Therapy (continued)

23. Sample Course Work for Physical Therapy (continued) Physical Therapy Assistant (Two-Year Associate’s Degree) Biomechanics* Clinical practice Human growth and development Physical disabilities Physical therapy procedures Therapeutic exercise Therapeutic modalities *Still called kinesiology at some universities.

24. Therapeutic Recreation Specialist Treats patients with physical disability or impaired mental function: restores, remediates, or rehabilitates to improve function and independence; also focuses on social integration (treatment team approach) Education and credentials Bachelor's degree in therapeutic recreation Internship under a certified recreation specialist National certification exam: Certified therapeutic recreation specialists (CTRS) Employment settings Employment opportunities Limited growth because of cuts in hospital settings

25. Introduction to therapeutic recreation Assessment and documentation in therapeutic recreation Therapeutic recreation interventions and techniques Leisure education Program planning and design in therapeutic recreation Professional trends and issues in therapeutic recreation Human growth and development across the life span Abnormal psychology Anatomy and physiology General recreation course work Sample Course Work for Therapeutic Recreation

26. Strength and Conditioning Specialist Maximizes physical performance, reduces the frequency of injury, and decreases the possibility of cardiovascular disease by designing programs for the specific needs of the individual (sport and activity specific) Education and credentials Bachelor’s degree in kinesiology preferred, required for some certifications Certifications recommended (e.g., National Strength and Conditioning Association Certified Strength and Conditioning Specialist) Current CPR certification Employment settings Employment opportunities

27. Careers in Therapeutic Exercise Fulfill a societal need Assist in attaining desired levels of fitness (habilitation) Assist in regaining lost function (rehabilitation) Cover a wide range of populations Newborns to geriatrics Athletes to unskilled