420 likes | 706 Vues
Exercise 14. Microscopic Anatomy, Organization, and Classification of Skeletal Muscle. SKELETAL MUSCLE. Voluntary or involuntary? Striated or not? Multinucleate or uninucleate?. Terminology. “Myo-” or “-Mys-” = muscle “Sarco-” = flesh.
E N D
Exercise 14 Microscopic Anatomy, Organization, and Classification of Skeletal Muscle
SKELETAL MUSCLE • Voluntary or involuntary? • Striated or not? • Multinucleate or uninucleate?
Terminology • “Myo-” or “-Mys-” = muscle • “Sarco-” = flesh
Figure 12.1a Microscopic anatomy of skeletal muscle. Microscopic Anatomy • Muscle Fiber • Nuclei Dark A band Light I band Nuclei Fiber
Figure 12.1b Microscopic anatomy of skeletal muscle. Muscle Fiber Anatomy • Sarcolemma • Sarcoplasm Sarcolemma Mitochondrion Myofibril Nucleus Dark A band Light I band
Figure 12.1c Microscopic anatomy of skeletal muscle. • Myofibrils • Composed of myofilaments • Actin (thin filaments) & myosin (thick filaments) Z disc H zone Z disc Thin (actin) filament Thick (myosin) filament I band I band A band M line
Transverse tubules • Sarcoplasmic Reticulum (SR) • Smooth ER • Terminal cisternae: enlarged portion of SR on either side of T tubule • Triad = T tubule + 2 terminal cisternae Fig. 10-3
Figure 12.3 Photomicrograph of muscle fibers, longitudinal and cross sections (800). Nuclei of muscle fibers Muscle fibers, longitudinal view Muscle fibers, cross-sectional view
Figure 12.1d Microscopic anatomy of skeletal muscle. • Sarcomeres • Organized group of myofilaments • Contractile units, smallest functional unit of muscle fiber • Z-line to Z-line M line Z disc Z disc Thin (actin) filament Elastic (titin) filaments Thick (myosin) filament I band: LIGHT • midline is Z line/disc • Thin only A band: DARK • Thick and thin • M line in middle
Myofilaments • Thick filaments: myosin • “cross-bridges” Contraction: myosin head changes shape & will grab onto actin…and pull it toward M-line Fig. 10-7
Myofilaments • Thin filaments: 3 types of protein molecules • actin • Tropomyosin • Troponin
Connective Tissue Wrappings:3 Layers • Epimysium = outer • Perimysium = central • Endomysium = inner
Connective Tissue Wrappings • Epimysium • Epi = on (outside layer) • Surrounds entire muscle
Connective Tissue Wrappings • Perimysium • Peri = around (central layer) • Divides muscle into compartments: • Fascicle = bundle of muscle fibers (cells) Fig. 10-1
Connective Tissue Wrappings • Endomysium • Endo = inside (inner layer) • Surrounds individual skeletal muscle cells (fibers) Fig. 10-1
Connective Tissues, cont. • Layers continuous & interwoven – blend into one another • Muscle’s ends: layers unite to form • Bundle: TENDON • Attach skeletal muscles to bones • Contraction pulls the bone(s) • Broad sheet: APONEUROSIS • Attach skeletal muscles to bones or other muscles
Connective tissue layers! • Muscle—covered by epimysium • Fascicles—covered by perimysium • Fiber (cell)—covered by endomysium • Myofibril—covered by sarcoplasmic reticulum • Sarcomere—contains thick and thin filaments
Figure 12.4 Connective tissue coverings of skeletal muscle. Epimysium Perimysium Epimysium Bone Endomysium Tendon Muscle fiber within a fascicle Blood vessel Perimysium wrapping a fascicle Endomysium (between individual muscle fibers) Muscle fiber Fascicle Perimysium
Blood & Nerve Supply • Muscles need lots of energy, lots of oxygen • Blood vessels supply these • Each fiber (cell) has capillary blood supply • Contraction stimulated by nerve impulses • Axons (nerve fibers) penetrate connective tissue layers, & innervate individual muscle fibers (cells)
Neuromuscular Junction • Junction of motor neuron & a muscle fiber • MOTOR Neuron —elongated portion = axon • synaptic terminals • synaptic cleft
Neuromuscular Junction • Synaptic terminals • synaptic vesicles • Filled with acetylcholine (ACh) • Neurotransmitter • Release triggers muscle contraction • motor end plate • Sarcolemma, has receptors to bind ACh
Neuromuscular Junction “Action Potential” Fig. 10-10
Neuromuscular Junction • Motor unit = A single motor neuron & ALL the muscle fibers it controls Fig. 10-17
Figure 12.5 The neuromuscular junction. Synaptic vesicle containing ACh Sarcolemma Mitochondrion Synaptic cleft Axon terminal of motor neuron Fusing synaptic vesicles ACh Junctional folds of sarcolemma Sarcoplasm of muscle fiber ACh receptors
Figure 12.6 Photomicrograph of neuromuscular junctions (750). Terminal branch of an axon Axon terminal at neuromuscular junction Muscle fibers
Figure 12.6 Photomicrograph of neuromuscular junctions (750). Terminal branch of an axon Axon terminal at neuromuscular junction Muscle fibers
Review Figure 12.3 Action potential Nucleus Junctional folds of the sarcolemma Part of a myofibril