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N I X O N and 'N A M

N I X O N and 'N A M. Cristy Oakes for Dr. Helms 5/22/00. VIETNAM. Was it a war or a conflict? Occurred from 1964 through 1975 58,000 American lives lost 2,583 soldiers were missing in action at war’s end 554 of them have been found . WEB SITES FOR MAPS OF VIETNAM.

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N I X O N and 'N A M

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  1. N I X O N and 'N A M Cristy Oakes for Dr. Helms 5/22/00

  2. VIETNAM • Was it a war or a conflict? • Occurred from 1964 through 1975 • 58,000 American lives lost • 2,583 soldiers were missing in action at war’s end • 554 of them have been found

  3. WEB SITES FOR MAPS OF VIETNAM • http://www.lib.utexas.edu/Libs/PCL/Map_ collection/middle_east_and_asia/Vietnam • http://www.mapsadopt.org/Vietnam/index.htm • http://maptown.com/vietnammaps.html

  4. HISTORY OF THE VIETNAM • Vietnamese call the Vietnam War the American War • For more than 1,000 years, Vietnam was occupied by China • For a century after that, Vietnam was a French colony

  5. HISTORY OF THE VIETNAM WAR • Communists victorious over the French at Dien Bien Phu • U.S. troops supported the anti-Communist government in Siagon • North Vietnam carried its flag to the south • The Vietnam War is as far removed from us today as WW II was from the Vietnam War • 25 years have passed since the fall of Siagon

  6. PRESIDENT RICHARD M. NIXON • Vietnam War created national mood of hostility toward government and business • Moral shame • Exposure of government lies and atrocities • Nixon’s secret bombings of Cambodia (totality of these bombings not discovered until much later) • On top of this came “Watergate”

  7. PRESIDENT RICHARD M. NIXON "A man is not finished when he's defeated; he's finished when he quits." -Richard Nixon

  8. http://www.unitedstates-on-line.com/Nixon37.html • http://www.interlink-cafe.com/uspresidents/37th.htm • http://www.stanford.edu/~andygray/nixon/ • http://www.unitedstates-on-line.com/Nixon37.html • http://www.whitehouse.gov/WH/glimpse/presidents/html/rn37.html

  9. WATERGATE • Presidential Campaign of 1972 • 5 Burgulars carrying wiretapping and photo equipment, were caught breaking into the Democratic National Committee (Watergate apartment complex of Washington, D.C.) • One of the 5 worked for the Nixon campaign • Another of the 5 had an address book with the name of Howard E. Hunt whose residence was listed as the White House

  10. WATERGATE CONTINUED • Hunt had worked for the CIA for many yrs. • ID’s of the burglars were unknown at exact time of arrest • Information was out to the public before anyone could stop it • CAN WE COMPARE THIS IN ANY WAY TO THE CLINTION/LEWENSKI AFFAIR, OR IRAN/CONTRA?

  11. GRAND JURY INVESTIGATES WATERGATE • One year after the break-in a Grand Jury investigated the Watergate incident • Fearing prosecution, officials of the Nixon Administration began to talk: • Judicial Proceedings • Senate investigating committee • The press • Nixon’s highest aids, and finally Nixon himself were all implicated

  12. FACTS THAT CAME OUT OF TESTIMONIES • Secret fund controlled by Nixon’s Attorney General to be used against the Democratic Party (forgery etc) • Gulf Oil Corporation and other huge American corporations made illegal contributions in the millions to the Nixon Campaign • After the burglars were caught, Nixon secretly promised to pardon them • Secret White House tapes existed of all conversations in the White House

  13. A SWIFT BUT SUDDEN FALL • Nov 1972 Nixon and Agnew won 60 % popular vote • Jan 1973 67 % of Americans thought Nixon was involved in the Watergate break-in or that he lied to cover-up • Fall 1973 8 different resolutions were introduced in the House for the Impeachment of President Nixon • By 1974, a Bill of Impeachment was presented • Nixon’s advisors told him the bill would pass and advised him to resign

  14. PRESIDENT GERALD FORD • http://www.lbjlib.utexas.edu/ford/ UPON TAKING THE OFFICE OF PRESIDENT OF THE UNITEDSTATESSAID:“OUR LONG NATIONAL NIGHTMARE ISOVER”

  15. WHAT KIND OF SHAPE DID NIXON LEAVE ‘NAM IN? • Pretty good (aside from the Cambodia bombings) • When negotiated peace was unattainable Nixon single-handly tried to get the U.S. out of Vietnam • At the end of Nixon’s 1st term, casualties dropped from 1, 200 a month to 30 a month • American troops were reduced from 550,000 to 30,000

  16. FORD AND KISSINGER • April, 1975 were trying to come up with options: • Speed up withdraw of Americans • Stretch it out to allow the maximum number of Vietnamese to escape • Give up on aid to Vietnam, stab them in the back • Maintain aid • April 29, 1975 Kissenger briefs Ford of the crises in Siagon (already 4/30/75 in Saigon)

  17. Evacuating Siagon • http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/national/longterm/vietnam/epilogue.htm

  18. THE FALL OF SIAGON • One pilot, Marine Lt. Darrell Browning, did not expect to fly that day (5/30/75) • His CH-46 helicopter was too small to make the 90-minute round-trip flight to Siagon • At 4:00 pm he learned he would be flying afterall • Ordered to head for the besieged capital and join the rescue mission

  19. THE FALL OF SIAGON • Doing what he was trained to do, but fearful of mid-air collision • 1,000 people on roof of U.S. Embassy, when browning landed • He was worried he would not have enough fuel to get back • Capacity of the helicopter was 24, Browning carried 36 passengers

  20. THE FALL OF SIAGON • By midnight Browning had made 5 trips • He was exhausted, but wanted to go more • Pilots were ordered to stop • A helicopter had flown into the sea, the commander worried the pilots were reaching their breaking points • 11 Marines (rear guard were left behind) • 7:50 that morning a U.S. helicopter saved them • Browning et. Al. Awarded Distinguished Flying Crosses

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