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Understanding Psychological Disorders: Definitions, History, and Current Perspectives

This overview introduces psychological disorders as "harmful dysfunctions" characterized by atypical, disturbing, maladaptive, and unjustifiable behaviors. It explores early theories, such as possession and barbaric treatments in the 1800s, leading to modern perceptions of mental illness. Emphasizing current medical and biopsychosocial perspectives, it discusses how disorders are diagnosed and treated using tools like the DSM-V, which classifies and updates understanding of mental health conditions, reflecting societal and cultural changes.

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Understanding Psychological Disorders: Definitions, History, and Current Perspectives

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  1. Psychological Disorders An Introduction 453-460

  2. Is this a sign of a disorder?

  3. What about this?

  4. Or this…??

  5. Psychological Disorder • A “harmful dysfunction” in which behavior is judged to be: • Atypical – not shared by many members of the population • Disturbing – to self and others. Ex: Zoo or pedophilia • Maladaptive – potentially harmful behavior to the individual • Unjustifiable – doesn’t make sense. Ex: sobbing continuously for years after death of spouse

  6. What is abnormal, disturbing, maladaptive and unjustifiable depends on: • Time period • Culture • Individual person

  7. Early Theories • Afflicted people were possessed by evil spirits.

  8. Early Theories • Music or singing was often used to chase away spirits. • In some cases trephening was used: Cutting a hole in the head of the afflicted to let out the evil spirit.

  9. Trephening

  10. History of Mental Disorders • In the 1800’s, disturbed people were no longer thought of as madmen, but as mentally ill. They were first put in hospitals. Did this mean better treatment?

  11. Early Mental Hospitals • They were nothing more than barbaric prisons. • The patients were chained and locked away. • Some hospitals even charged admission for the public to see the “crazies”, just like a zoo.

  12. Philippe Pinel • French doctor who was the first to take the chains off and declare that these people are sick and “a cure must be found!!!”

  13. Current Perspectives • Medical Perspective: psychological disorders are sicknesses and can be diagnosed, treated and cured.

  14. Current Perspectives • Bio-Psycho-Social Perspective: assumes biological, psychological and sociocultural factors combine to interact causing psychological disorders. Used to be called Diathesis-Stress Model: diathesis meaning predisposition and stress meaning environment.

  15. Classifying Psychological Disorders • DSM- V (to be published in May): Diagnostic Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders: the big book of disorders.

  16. The DSM • Changes made in the past: • homosexuality removed • ADHD added • Aspberger’s syndrome is NOT a separate disorder, on the Autism spectrum *DSM contains symptoms to make a diagnosis, not etiology = causes of disorders.*

  17. Disorders can be designated into 2 major classifications…

  18. Neurotic Disorders • Distressing but one can still function in society and act rationally

  19. Psychotic Disorders • Person loses contact with reality, experiences distorted perceptions

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