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Understanding Cultural Universals and Variation

Explore the components of culture, from symbols and language to values and norms, and learn about subcultures, counter cultures, and the significance of cultural universals. Distinguish between material and nonmaterial culture, study American values, and discover the types of norms and sanctions for social control.

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Understanding Cultural Universals and Variation

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Presentation Transcript

  1. Unit 1 Review

  2. Definitions • Sociology • Symbols • Beliefs • Values • Norms • Folkways • mores • Laws • Language • Culture • Society • Narcissism • Internalization • Ideology

  3. Definitions • Social Movement • Social Control • Technology • Invention • Diffusion • Cultural Lag

  4. Components of culture • Technology • Symbols • Language • Values • Norms

  5. Sub vs. counter • Subculture – has some values and norms that are not accepted by the mainstream group • Counterculture – seeks to replace existing norms and rules with a new set of rules and values

  6. Cultural Universals • Why? – all people need to fulfill certain basic needs, and all societies fulfill them, they just differ in the way they meet them.

  7. Cultural Variation

  8. Traits, Complexes, Patterns • Trait is an individual act tool or belief. • Complex is a set of interrelated traits • A pattern is a set of interrelated Complexes

  9. Types of Norms • Mores • Folkways • Laws – formalized mores

  10. Studying Culture • Break it down into levels

  11. Material Culture vs. nonmaterial culture • Material culture you can actually touch, taste, see, smell etc. • Nonmaterial culture consists of ideas such as religion, beliefs or music

  12. Most significant New American Value • Self Fulfillment

  13. American Values • Personal Achievement • Individualism • Work • Morality and Humanitarianism • Efficiency and Practicality • Progress and Material Comfort • Equality and Democracy • Freedom

  14. Sanctions • Positive – Rewards a behavior • Formal – given by a formal organization such as school • Negative – Punishes a behavior that does not conform. • Informal - Spontaneous expression from an informal group

  15. Social Control • Authority figures • Police • Courts • Religion • Family • Public opinion

  16. Sources of Social Change • Values and Beliefs • Technology • Population • Diffusion • Physical Environment • Wars and Conquests

  17. Resisting Social Change • Ethnocentrism • Cultural Lag • Vested Intrests

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