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Understanding Energy: Kinetic and Potential Energy Explained

This guide provides an overview of energy, defining key concepts such as kinetic and potential energy. Kinetic energy is described as the energy of motion, with the formula KE = ½ mv², highlighting how speed and mass affect energy levels. Potential energy is the stored energy that can be transformed into kinetic energy. The guide includes practical examples, calculations for kinetic and gravitational potential energy, and explores energy transformations in everyday scenarios, concluding with the principle that energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed.

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Understanding Energy: Kinetic and Potential Energy Explained

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  1. Energy • Please take out your notebook, formula sheet and calculator.

  2. Energy Def: the ability to cause change

  3. Kinetic Energy • Def: The energy of motion • Equation to calculate Kinetic energy • KE = ½ mv2 • The units for energy are Joules (J).

  4. KE Videos KE http://glencoe.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/dl/free/0078600510/161752/00035806.html

  5. Relationships • The more speed an object has, the more KE it will also have • ↑ speed ↑ KE VS 20 m/s 10 m/s

  6. The more mass an object has, the more KE it will also have • ↑ mass ↑ KE VS 1000 kg 100 kg

  7. Math Practice • What is the KE of a baseball moving at a speed of 40m/s if the baseball has a mass of .15kg? • KE = ½ mv2 • KE = ½ (.15kg)(402 m/s) • KE = 120 J

  8. What is the KE of a 1000 kg car moving at a speed of 10 m/s? • KE = ½ mv2 • KE = ½ (1000kg)(10m/s)2 • KE = 50,000 J

  9. PE  http://glencoe.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/dl/free/0078600510/160350/00035807.html

  10. Potential Energy • Def: stored energy. • Chemical potential energy – gas, food • Elastic potential energy – compressed spring, stretched rubber band • Gravitational potential energy – anything that can fall

  11. GPE • GPE can be calculated. • Mass x gravity x height • GPE = mgh • Lets practice some math! • Get out your calculators!

  12. Relationships • The higher an object is, the more GPE it will also have • ↑ height ↑ GPE

  13. Relationships • The more weight an object has, the more GPE it will also have • ↑ weight ↑ GPE

  14. More Practice • Find the GPE of a coffee mug with a mass of .3kg on a 1m high counter top. • GPE = mgh • GPE = (.3kg)(9.8m/s/s)(1m) • GPE = 2.94 J

  15. More Practice • Find the GPE of a 8000 N roller coaster car 45 m off the ground. • GPE = mgh = wt*h • GPE = (8000N)(45m) • GPE = 360,000 J

  16. Video

  17. Conservation of Energy • Energy can be neither created nor destroyed. • It CAN be changed, or converted. • KE to GPE and back is only one example!

  18. Forms of Energy • Chemical – charcoal, gas, batteries • Electromagnetic – electricity, magnetism • Light – x-rays, gamma rays, visible light • Mechanical – moving objects, KE+GPE • Nuclear – fission and fusion • Thermal or Heat – internal motion of molecules

  19. Examples • Rub your hands together. What does this do? • Is there a conversion taking place here? What is it? • Mechanical  Thermal

  20. More Conversions • What conversions happen in a car engine? • Chemical  mechanical  electromagnetic • Chemical  thermal • What about a light bulb? • Electromagnetic  electromagnetic and thermal • Electricity  Light

  21. What conversions happen when you eat?

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