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Safety Protocols and Procedures for Laboratory Radiation Experiments

This document outlines essential safety protocols and experimental setups for conducting laboratory experiments involving radiation sources. Key principles include maintaining maximum safe distance from radiation sources, minimizing exposure time, and limiting the number of individuals exposed. The experimental setup focuses on the use of a Cd sphere, γ detectors, and a multi-channel analyzer for accurate data collection and analysis. Procedures for measuring diffusion lengths and evaluating thermal neutron behavior are also discussed, emphasizing safe and effective laboratory practices.

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Safety Protocols and Procedures for Laboratory Radiation Experiments

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  1. Laboratory Experiment 1 Vasily Arzhanov

  2. Safety • Distance: keep yourself as far from radiation sources as possible • Time: expose yourself to radiation as short time as possible • Number: expose to radiation only minimal number of people Lab 1

  3. Experimental Setup d = 6 ÷ 47 cm d • Naming convention • Same distances • Time scaling Cd Sphere Lab 1

  4. Detection Technique 97% α Channel 1: γ Detector γ PM Eu γ α 3% 6Li n Channel 2: t Eu γ Fiss. prod. Lab 1

  5. Multi-Channel Analyser Counts Channel n Channel n-1 Amplitude 0 … A1 An-1 An Amax Time Lab 1

  6. Lab 1

  7. Summary • Set/remove the Cd sphere • Set a distance • Acquire data • Save to a file • Set channels to sum up counts • Scale the counts to the reference time • Write down the result Lab 1

  8. One-Speed Diffusion Theory S0 r > 3λs Distance at which Diffusion theory is valid Isotropic source of thermal (slow) neutrons Lab 1

  9. Differential Measurement Lab 1

  10. Diffusion Length Thermal neutron absorbed Thermal (slow) neutron borne r Average over the neutron population Lab 1

  11. Migration Area (Length) Ordinary measurement Thermal neutron absorbed Fast neutron borne r Differential measurement rs rth Fast neutron thermalized Lab 1

  12. Orthogonality Property Fast neutron borne Thermal neutron absorbed θ θ θave = 90 θave = 0 Fast neutron thermalized Lab 1

  13. Calculation of Migration Lab 1

  14. Evaluating Integrals log r2A(r) Ordinary meas. Lab 1

  15. Relaxation Length No absorption r S0 Absorption Absorption Uncollided flux First collision Lab 1

  16. Summary Lab 1

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