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Latin abbreviations

Latin abbreviations. And when not to use them Gerald B. Moulds. et al. et al. - ET ALII “And others.” Used to shorten a list of names of people. CORRECT: “That paper by Adams, Richards, et al. explains it all.”

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Latin abbreviations

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  1. Latin abbreviations And when not to use them Gerald B. Moulds

  2. et al. • et al. - ET ALII “And others.” Used to shorten a list of names of people. • CORRECT: “That paper by Adams, Richards, et al. explains it all.” • INCORRECT: “High-calorie desserts like ice cream, cheesecake, chocolate, et al” (should be “etc.”).

  3. etc. • etc. - ET CETERA “And the rest” or “and so on.” Used to shorten any list, particularly of non-living items • CORRECT: “like iron, magnesium, etc.” • INCORRECT: “like iron, magnesium, ect.”, “like iron, magnesium, et.c.”, and “like iron, magnesium, etc…”

  4. i.e. • i.e. - ID EST – “That is” (think “in explanation” or “in other words”). • CORRECT: “The delegates were defenestrated, i.e. thrown out a window.” • INCORRECT: “The Earth’s crust is made up of various layers of rock, i.e. granite and basalt” (should be “e.g.”).

  5. e.g. • e.g. - EXEMPLI GRATIA “For example”. • CORRECT: “the largest dinosaurs were mostly vegetarian (e.g. the brontosaurus, whose diet was primarily sea kelp).” • INCORRECT: “Snipers use concealment, e.g. the art of hiding” (should be “i.e.”)

  6. cf. • cf. - CONFER “Compare” • CORRECT: “Graham describes the end of the Emperor Tiberius' reign as a socially progressive era (cf. Suetonius' The Lives of the Twelve Caesars).” • INCORRECT: “Some Christian holidays involve gift-giving (cf. Christmas)” (should be “e.g.”).

  7. Other common abbreviations • q.v. -QUOD VIDE “Which see” tells the reader that the term can be found defined elsewhere in this work. • n.b. - NOTA BENE “Note well”.

  8. ca. - CIRCA “About”. • Example: The height of the English Renaissance, ca. 1600 A.D. • vs. - VERSUS “Against”. • Godzilla vs. Mothra

  9. Sic - SIC “Thus” Used in brackets next to mistakes from original quotes. • “Dear Editor, I hate you’re [Sic] stupid newspaper and all your stupid rapporters [Sic].”

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