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INTERNATIONAL COAL CONFERENCE, KARACHI Oct 22, 2011

INTERNATIONAL COAL CONFERENCE, KARACHI Oct 22, 2011. THAR COAL MINING. Dr. Markos Leontidis. Sindh Coal Fields. Thar Geology . Geology of Thar is very simple with a general strata dip of ~2° (Horizontal) Ran of Kutch fault is the only nearby bigger fault to the Area.

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INTERNATIONAL COAL CONFERENCE, KARACHI Oct 22, 2011

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  1. INTERNATIONAL COAL CONFERENCE, KARACHI Oct 22, 2011 THAR COAL MINING Dr. Markos Leontidis

  2. Sindh Coal Fields

  3. Thar Geology • Geology of Thar is very simple with a general strata dip of ~2° (Horizontal) • Ran of Kutch fault is the only nearby bigger fault to the Area Thar Lignite deposit the largest in the World

  4. Thar Coal Potential • Thar Coal Field has a huge Coal Potential • Exploration activities have been carried out in 11 Blocks • More than 600 Exploratory Drillholes from 1995

  5. Thar Geology Overburden : • Thickness : 130 m to 150 m • Composition : Sand, Siltstone & Clayey Siltstone Coal : • Number of main Coal Seams : 3 • Main Minable Coal Seam : Approx. 70% of Total coal thickness • Cumulative Coal Seam thickness : 30m - 35m Slope Stability : • Safety Factor : 1.3 Hydrogeology : • Number of Aquifers : 3 • Aquifers are separated by Aquitard of Claystone • The recharge from De-watering is not unlimited and can be controlled • Water quality : High TDS (5000 - 10000 ppm)

  6. Thar Coal Quality • Lignite quality for Thar Coal is suitable for Power generation

  7. Thar Sulphur Content !

  8. Mining Options for Thar Coal Field • Open Pit Coal Mining • Underground Coal Mining • Thar Strata (Overburden) is composed soft deposits. No hard material ,no explosives necessary • Open Pit Coal Mining is the best option for Thar Lignite • Shovel & Truck as Main Mining Equipments have been proposed. • Bucket Wheel Excavators may be an option for futureenhanced production

  9. Typical Mine Planning for Thar • Key parameters • Total number of Coal Seam 3 • Main Minable Coal Seam Coal Seam 2-7 • Mining Technology Shovel & Truck • Number of benches 15 • Bench height 13 m • Bench Width 20 m • Mine Depth 195 m

  10. Typical Mine Plan with Outside Dump Variant A’ Mine advancement A Outside Dump Open pit advancement

  11. Mine Cross-Section

  12. Thar & other Mines in World • Thar can be compared to many operating Open Pit Mines of the World • Stripping Ratio and Heating Value of Thar Block II is feasible for successful Mine Operation (e.g. Hambach Mine- Germany, producing ~40 Mt/a lignite successfully )

  13. Thar Open Pit Mine vs. Europe Mines Hambach-Inden-Garzweiler-Ptolemais (Large Scale Mines > 20 Mt/a ), Thar ?

  14. Why Thar ? • Why Thar Coal should be mined • Large deposit can provide fuel for power generation 5000 MW at least • High and constant lignite quality; one of the best lignite in the world • Domestic fuel. Independence from imports • Creation of 4000 direct jobs and 15000 indirect jobs only for phase I (1200 MW power generation at least for 50 years) • Competitive cost through other fuels like imported hard coal • Fossil fuels will continue their dominance accounting for 65% of all the electricity generated in the world, with coal dominating at 44% • Pakistan could meet the above mentioned world target having Thar as the largest lignite deposit • Case Study Block II for power generation

  15. Pakistan Power Generation Fuel Mix with Thar

  16. Aquifer Situation Dune Sand Aquifer 50m 120 m Sub-Recent Aquifer 180m Coal seam floor Aquifer

  17. Selected Equipment Variants - Overburden S/T Variant ( Variant 1) Outside Dump (+180 m AMSL) Shovel Mine (-115m AMSL) IC- Spreader Variant (Variant 2) Spreader Inside Dump Conveyor Belt Shovel Mine (-115m AMSL) WTS AMSL- Above Mean Sea Level

  18. Selected Equipment Variants- Lignite Stockyard (+80 AMSL) Conveyor Belt Shovel Mine (-115m AMSL) Crusher

  19. LIGNITE MINING AND USE IN GREECE

  20. Lignite Industry in Greece (PPC. SA)

  21. Lignite Industry in Greece • The quality of Greek lignite varies highly both within and across mines • Heating value ranges from 4390 to9610 MJ/ton

  22. Lignite Industry in Greece Lignite Production in Public Power Corporation mines 1958 – 2005 (Million tons)

  23. Lignite Industry in Greece Total masses excavated in Public Power Corporation Mines 1958 – 2005 (Million Cu. meter)

  24. THANK YOU

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