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Understanding Contraception and Birth Control: Choices, Responsibilities, and Risks

This chapter delves into the complexities of contraception and birth control in the United States, where half of all pregnancies are unintended. It emphasizes the shared responsibility between men and women in preventing pregnancy and sexually transmitted diseases. Various methods are discussed, including hormonal methods, barrier methods, fertility awareness, emergency contraception, and abortion. The chapter also addresses the efficacy of these methods and the ongoing abortion debate, including pro-life and pro-choice perspectives, highlighting the importance of informed choices and personal responsibility in reproductive health.

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Understanding Contraception and Birth Control: Choices, Responsibilities, and Risks

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Presentation Transcript

  1. Chapter Eleven Contraception and Birth Control

  2. Risk and Responsibility • In the United States, half of all pregnancies are unintended • Women, men, and birth control: who is responsible? • Preventing sexually transmitted diseases

  3. Methods of Contraception and Birth Control • Birth control - any means of preventing a birth from taking place; includes contraception and abortion • Contraception - the prevention of conception

  4. Choosing a Method • Best method is the one you will use consistently • Theoretical effectiveness • User effectiveness

  5. Sexual Abstinence and Outercourse • Abstinence • Celibacy • Outercourse

  6. Hormonal Methods • The pill - oral contraceptives • Implants - Norplant • Injectable contraceptives - • Depo-provera (DMPA) • Lunelle

  7. Barrier Methods • Condom • Female condom • Diaphragm • Cervical cap • Contraceptive sponge

  8. Spermicides Spermicide - substance toxic to sperm • Bioadhesive gel • Contraceptive foam • Contraceptive film (VCF) • Creams and jellies • Vaginal suppositories

  9. Intrauterine Device (IUD) • Tiny plastic or copper device inserted into uterus • Two currently available in the United States: • ParaGard • Progestasert

  10. Fertility Awareness Methods • Calendar (rhythm) method • Basal body temperature (BBT) method • Cervical mucus method • Symptothermal method

  11. Women: laparoscopy minilaparotomy culpotomy culdoscopy hysterectomy Men: vasectomy Sterilization

  12. Emergency Contraception • Emergency contraceptive pill (ECP) • Copper IUD

  13. Abortion • Mifepristone (RU-486) • Surgical methods: • vacuum aspiration • dilation and evacuation • hysterotomy • Prostaglandins • Saline solutions • Urea

  14. The Abortion Debate • The pro-life argument • The pro-choice argument • Abortion and religion • Constitutional issues

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