Warm-up for 08.27.09

1. Warm-up for 08.27.09 • Tomorrow we will have our first quiz. You need to study the following items: • Georgia’s Geography handout • Georgia’s Physiographic Regions Organizer • Georgia Indian Traditions Organizer (Prehistory)

2. Quiz • Georgia’s Geography handout • Know what hemisphere, continent, country, and region Georgia is located in • Know the 5 border states of GA • Georgia’s Physiographic Regions Organizer • Be able to label the 5 regions of GA • Be able to label and explain what the Fall Line is • Know what types of physical features, natural resources, jobs, major cities and attractions are found in each of the 5 regions • Georgia Indian Traditions Organizer (Prehistory) • Be able to identify a time period from prehistory if given a list of characteristics from that age • Be able to tell how and why Indian’s culture and way of life evolved over time

3. Warm-up for 08.28.11 • What does the term “pre-history” mean, and how does it relate to GA Studies? **Have standards and a highlighter out after you finish warm-up.

4. Warm-up for 08.24.09 • Based upon our work over the past 2 weeks, in which of GA’s 5 Physiographic Regions would you most like to live and work as an adult one day, and why? **Have standards and a highlighter out after you finish warm-up. **FYI - I will be giving you 10 min. to wrap up your projects for turn in.

5. Warm-up for 08.25.09 • The high mark of technological progress in the Paleo Period was the __________ and in the Archaic period it was the _______________. **Please have your book out and open to pg. 76. Otherwise open agenda to calendar for me to sign. : (

6. Warm-up for 08.25.09 • What does the term “pre-history” mean, and how does it relate to GA Studies? **Please have your book out and open to pg. 75. Otherwise open agenda to calendar for me to sign. : (

7. Warm-up for 08.26.09 • The high mark of technological progress in the Woodland Period was the __________ and in the Mississippian period it was the _______________. **Please have your book out and open to pg. 78. Otherwise open agenda to calendar for me to sign. : (

8. Warm-up for 08.26.09 • In your opinion, _______________ was the greatest invention of the Paleo Period, and ______________ was the greatest invention of the Archaic period. **Please have your book out and open to pg. 77. Otherwise open agenda to calendar for me to sign. : (

9. What is prehistory? Um…the history before history…

10. Georgia’s Prehistoric Periods We will start on PAGE 162!

11. Dates 11,000-8,000 B.C. Weapons “Clovis” points Stone spear points Knives and scrapers Atlatl – used to propel spears long distances Food Large game hunted animals Mammoths, bisons, ground sloths, and mastadons Wild berries and nuts gathered Dwellings Lived in groups of 20-50 Nomadic = always on the move for food = no permanent housing Slept in caves, under cliffs, and dug out “sleeping pits” Religion Artifacts to suggest general spirituality – nothing specific The Paleo Period Paleo = “Very old” / few lived to be 30 yrs. old

12. Snapshots of Paleo-Indian Life

13. Dates 8,000 – 1,500 B.C. Weapons New tools invented to save time and effort Clovis points become smaller and sharper Grooved Axe – stone head w/ wood handle. Used primarily to chop wood / remove brush Food Hunted smaller game as period progresses Deer, bear, turkey, rabbit, birds, fish Fishing and gathering important Large remains of middens (trash heaps of shells ) found on Stallings Island in GA Invented : Clay pots to store and transport food in created Dwellings Small groups gathered to form larger groups of 50-100: based on families Would move from season to season Semi-permanent housing w/ wooden poles covered by animal hides, braches, and bark Religion Proper burial of the dead seems to be important Tools, weapons, and ornaments found in tombs The Archaic Period Things becoming more settled

14. Snapshots of Archaic-Indian Life

15. Snapshots of Archaic-Indian Life Stallings Island: The oldest pottery in North America made from Spanish moss and clay was discovered here! Stallings Island: Located in the Savannah River eight miles upstream from Augusta, the sixteen-acre island is the namesake of Stallings Culture and its hallmark pottery, Stallings fiber-tempered wares, the oldest pottery in North America. Stallings Island, a National Historic Landmark site, was a major settlement of Late Archaic Native Americans from 4,500 to 3,500 years ago.

16. Dates 1,000 B.C. – 1,000 A.D. Weapons Bow and Arrow – better accuracy/saves time Arrowheads become smaller and sharper Food Beginning of Horticulture Seeds are saved for planting Nuts, corn, squash, and bottle-gourd Digging sticks for planting Small game hunted Dwellings More sturdy houses as small groups join together and form tribes Flat-topped mounds for gathering/ceremonies Animal effigy mounds – Rock Eagle created in 200 A.D. near Eatonton. Religion Burial mounds with more elaborate tombs containing jewelry, pottery, figurines, and ceremonial objects The Woodland Period The Mound-Builders!

17. Snapshots of Woodland-Indian Life Evidence of long-distance trading

18. Snapshots of Woodland-Indian Life Rock Eagle: http://www.lostworlds.org/rock_eagle.html Kolomoki Mounds (1st in GA): http://www.lostworlds.org/kolomoki_mounds.html

19. Dates 800 A.D. – about 1600 A.D. Weapons All tools and weapons from previous periods – only better-made and more effective Food Grew most food Corn, beans, pumpkin, and squash Used slash-and-burn technique Stored food in storehouses for a constant supply Dwellings Large-scale communities w/ palisades and moats Several 1,000 families living together Wattle and daub houses made of clay, wood, and forest brush Mound communities like Etowah and Ocmulgee Indians Mounds in Macon. Religion Priest-chief presides over religious ceremonies Religious aspects controlled by govt. The Europeans are coming soon! The Mississippian Period

20. Snapshots of Mississippian-Indian Life

21. Snapshots of Mississippian-Indian Life Etowah Indian Mounds: http://www.lostworlds.org/ga_mississippian.html

22. End of Prehistory? • Prehistory ends in Georgia with the arrival of Spanish-Explorer Hernando deSoto. (around 1539) • Beginning of traditional European written records of GA

23. Brief Look at Spanish Exploration of the Americas • Leif Ericsson (Iceland) – 1000 A.D. • Newfoundland – Canada • Christopher Columbus (Spain) – 1492 • Dominican Republic • Later called Hispaniola • Juan Ponce de Leon (Spain) – 1513 • Florida • Hernando Cortes (Spain) – 1519 • Mexico (Aztecs)

24. Brief Look at Spanish Exploration of the Americas • Panfilo de Narvaez (Spain) – 1527 • Tampa Bay • Francisco Pizarro (Spain) – 1535 • Peru (Incas) • Cabeza de Vaca (Spain) - @ 1538 • One of 4 survivors of Narvaez Exp. • Florida, Gulf Coast, Texas, and Mexico AT SAME TIME AS DE SOTO – • Francisco Vázquez de Coronado • New Mexico (7 Cities of Gold)

25. Brief Look at Spanish Exploration of the Americas AT SAME TIME AS DE SOTO – • Francisco Vázquez de Coronado • New Mexico (7 Cities of Gold)

26. Brief Look at Spanish Exploration of the Americas DE SOTO’s ROUTE (1539) –

27. Brief Look at European Exploration of the Americas What did they want? GOLD, RICHES, and FAME!