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Unit One: Foundations of government

Unit One: Foundations of government. What is Government?. Government: The institution through which a society makes and enforces its public policies (all of those things a govt. decides to do, such as taxation, education, defense, etc.). What are the basic powers of Government?.

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Unit One: Foundations of government

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  1. Unit One: Foundations of government

  2. What is Government?

  3. Government: The institution through which a society makes and enforces its public policies (all of those things a govt. decides to do, such as taxation, education, defense, etc.)

  4. What are the basic powers of Government?

  5. Legislative power • To make law and frame public policy • Executive power • To execute, enforce, and administer the law • Judicial power • To interpret laws and settle disputes

  6. Why do we need Government?

  7. What is a state?

  8. State: • a body of people, living in a defined territory, organized politically, and with the power to make and enforce law without the consent of any higher authority

  9. Four elements of a state

  10. Population: • people, no set amount needed

  11. Territory: land, again, no set amount needed

  12. Sovereignty: supreme and absolute power within its own territory

  13. Government: politically organized

  14. How did the state form?

  15. Force Theory • one person or a small group claimed control over an area and forced all within it to submit to that person’s or group’s rule

  16. Evolutionary Theory • state developed naturally out of the early family

  17. Divine Right Theory • God created the stateand that God had given those of royal birth a “divine right to rule”, and people were bound by duty to obey their ruler as they would God.

  18. Social Contract Theory • by contract people within a certain area agreed to give up to the state power to promote the safety and well being of all

  19. What are the different forms of Government?

  20. Monarchy • A hereditary sovereign

  21. Dictatorship • Those who rule are not responsible to the will of the people

  22. Theocracy • Ruled by religious authority • God/Deity is supreme authority

  23. Oligarchy • power to rule is heldby asmall usually self-appointed elite

  24. Unitary • centralized government • all govt. power held by one central agency

  25. Democracy • Supreme political authority rests with the people

  26. Which form of government is the best?

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