Road to Revolution 1754 to 1776

1. Road to Revolution 1754 to 1776

2. A. The French and Indian War

3. Land Dispute Causes

4. Different Colonial Societies Causes British French • Permanent, expanding settlements • Horrible Relationship with Indians • No real communities, mainly forts • Great Relationship with Indians

5. Differing Religions British were Protestant French were Catholic Not the first war fought over N. America Causes

6. 1754  The First Clash The Ohio Valley British French

7. War will become a world war SEVEN YEAR WAR (1756-1763) Every major European power becomes involved Will be a MULTI-FRONT war – very costly to fight 1756  War Is Formally Declared

8. French are fighting with most of the Indians (Algonquian & Mohawk) and later Spain Britain aligns with the Iroquois and the Colonists The Two Sides

9. British-American Colonial Tensions Methods ofFighting: • Indian-style guerilla tactics. • March in formation or bayonet charge. MilitaryOrganization: • Col. militias served under own captains. • Br. officers wanted to take charge of colonials. MilitaryDiscipline: • No mil. deference or protocols observed. • Drills & tough discipline. Finances: • Resistance to rising taxes. • Colonists should pay for their own defense. Demeanor: • Casual, non-professionals. • Prima Donna Br. officers with servants & tea settings.

10. Albany Plan of Union (1754) Ben Franklin  representatives from New England, NY, MD, PA • Albany Congress was meant to bolster colonial unity

11. Treaty of Paris (1763) Britain Wins the War France --> lost all land in N. America Spain -->got all land west of the Mississippi River, but lost Florida to England. England -->got all French lands in Canada and east of the Mississippi River

12. B. The Effects of the War

13. Effects on Britain 1. It increased colonial empire in the Americas. 2. It greatly enlarged England’s debt. 3.England felt that a major reorganization of American Empire was necessary

14. Effects on the American Colonials 1.It united them against a common enemy for the first time. 2. It created a socializing experience for all the colonials who participated. 3. It created bitter feelings towards the British that would only intensify.

15. Ottawa Indians opposed British expansion Led by Chief Pontiac Began to attack British forts in Ohio Valley Pontiac’s Rebellion (1763)

16. Britain wanted to end Native American fighting Forbade colonists from crossing the Appalachian Mtns. Proclamation of 1763

17. Proclamation of 1763 Colonists are FURIOUS Paxton Boys (PA) will react by attacking Native Americas

18. Rethinking Their Empire • Britain needs to recover its losses from the war • Decided to end Salutary Neglect and finally begin to enforce mercantilist policies and will begin to tax colonists

19. C. Britain reasserts her AUTHORITY

20. P.M. George Grenville’s Program, 1763-1765 1. Sugar Act - 1764 2. Currency Act - 1764 3. Quartering Act - 1765

21. Actual vs. Virtual – Colonists wanted Actual, Grenville believed they had virtual Colonists willing to pay taxes that applied to WHOLE empire Believed taxes just on them required representation Debate over Representation

22. Tax placed on all printed materials First direct tax placed just on AMERICAN COLONIES Intended to help pay for defense costs Stamp Act (1765)

23. Written by Patrick Henry Rights of the Colonists were violated Englishmen had representatives – colonists were denied this “No taxation without representation” Virginia Resolves

24. Met in NYC 9 colonies (no NH, VA, NC, or GA) Wrote Declaration of Rights and Grievanceswhich demanded the tax be repealed Called for a non-importation of British goods Stamp Act Congress

25. Secret organization formed by Samuel Adams Would tar and feather and harass tax collectors Sons of Liberty

26. Violence, boycott, & protests led to the repeal in 1766 Declaratory Act (1766) – declared Parliament had the right to tax the colonists Repeal

27. Tax placed on glass, white lead, paper, paint, silk, and tea Also increased custom (tax) collectors Townshend Act (1767)

28. Colonial Response 1. John Dickinson  1768*Letters from a Farmer in Pennsylvania. 2. 1768  MA Circular Letter*Written by Samuel Adams*Wanted colonies to pressure Parliament to repeal & boycott 3. Riots against customs agents:*4000 British troops sent to Boston & legislature dissolved

29. British troops in Boston are being harassed and fire into the crowd 11 civilians are killed Labeled a “massacre” The Boston Massacre(March 5,1770)

30. Act repealed in 1770 because of boycott & violence Only remaining tax was on tea Repeal of Townshend Act

31. Formed by Samuel Adams Letters exchanged & published throughout the colonies Committees of Correspondence Purpose warn neighboring colonies about incidents with Br. & broaden the resistance movement.

32. Tea Act (1773) British East India Co. is going bankrupt Colonists have refused to buy tea since Townshend Act Permitted to sell tea directly to cols. without col. middlemen (cheaper tea) Parliament expected the cols. to eagerly choose the cheaper tea.

33. Sons of Liberty boarded ships and dumped tea into the harbor Boston Tea Party (December 1773)

34. The Coercive or IntolerableActs(1774) 1. Port Bill – closed Boston harbor until reparations made 2. Government Act – King took direct control over MA 3. New QuarteringAct – to provide for troops in MA

35. Intended to give more freedom to Canadians Colonists saw it as a threat The Quebec Act (1774)

36. D. First Continental Congress

37. Philadelphia (1774) 55 delegates from 12 colonies Agenda How to respond to the Coercive Acts & the Quebec Act? Articles of Association – agreement to boycott & stop exporting goods

39. E. Lexington & Concord

40. April 1775 General Gage ordered to arrest leaders of “rebellion” Wanted to gain control of gunpowder & weapons • The British Are Coming Paul Revere & William Dawes make a midnight ride to warn the Minutemen of marching British soldiers.

41. The Shot Heard ’Round the World! Lexington & Concord – April 19,1775 73 British & 95 Americans killed Revolution has begun

42. F. Second Continental Congress

43. All 13 colonies present Elect G. Washington head of the army Wrote Olive Branch Petition Shift towards independence: Hessians Burning of Am. Towns Br. promised freedom to slaves Philadelphia (May 1775) Olive Branch Petition

44. Thomas Paine: Common Sense

45. Declaration of Independence (1776)