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POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS

POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS. POLITICAL ORGANIZATION. the need to maintain peace and order , the necessity of settling disputes, and the guarantee of protection from external danger. . POWERS. Inherent in governing To control actions through diverse means : Brute forces Negotiation

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POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS

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  1. POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS

  2. POLITICAL ORGANIZATION • the need to maintain peace and order, the necessity of settling disputes, and the guarantee of protection from external danger.

  3. POWERS • Inherent in governing • To control actions through diverse means: • Brute forces • Negotiation • Promise or reward • Exchange of goods and services • Appeal to the common good

  4. IF POWER IS LEGITIMATE, THEN IT IS AUTHORITY • AUTHORITY COMES FROM THE FOLLOWING: • TRADITIONAL AUTHORITY • leader which he inherited from his predecessor. • CHARISMATIC AUTHORITY • depends on his ability to inspire people to express his will. • RATIONAL-LEGAL AUTHORITY • the leader rules under limited length of time, usually under explicit limitations set by the constitution

  5. DEVELOPMENT OF POLITICAL ORGANIZATION • BAND • TRIBE • STATE

  6. BAND • existed in the hunting and gathering societies. • There is neither permanent member nor leader. Members come and go. • only organize themselves for the purpose of doing together the economic activities. • 30-50 members

  7. TRIBE • also called “acephalus” meaning “no head.” • “No head” means there is no central authority which governs the tribe. • headed by the headman, big man or chieftain.

  8. STATE • number of people occupying a particular territory having an organized government and independent of external control.

  9. THEORIES ON THE ORIGIN OF THE STATE • Divine Right Theory • Social Contract Theory • Patriarchal Theory • Necessity and Force Theory • Economic and Instinctive Theory • Historical or Evolution Theory

  10. DIVINE RIGHT THEORY • state is created by God who has chosen His vice-regents to rule the earth

  11. SOCIAL CONTRACT THEORY • State is a product of man’s contract or covenant.

  12. PATRIARCHAL THEORY • state is a mere extension of family, family develops into clan, clan into tribe and tribe into state.

  13. NECESSITY AND FORCE THEORY • state is founded because there are weak ones who seek protection so the strong ones protect and rule them in return.

  14. ECONOMIC & INSTINCTIVE THEORY • State is founded out of man’s need for association

  15. HISTORICAL OR EVOLUTION THEORY • State is a product of man’s social and cultural development

  16. TYPES OF POLITICAL SYSTEMS • Democracy • Totalitarianism • Colonialism

  17. DEMOCRACY • individuals are free, rational, moral, equal, and posses certain rights. • derived from the words “demos” and “cratos” meaning “people” and “rule” respectively. • democracy means “rule of the people”

  18. TOTALITARIANISM • All functions are regulated by the State. • Education, economic life, religion, and family are all controlled by the State.

  19. COLONIALISM • relationship of two states, one strong, the other weak

  20. CLASSIFICATION OF GOVERNMENT • ACCORDING TO WHOM SOVEREIGNTY RESIDES • Monarchy: • Aristocracy or Oligarchy: • Democracy: • ACCORDING TO THE MANNER OF INSTITUTINGOFFICIALS • Elective: • Hereditary: • ACCORDING TO THE DISTRIBUTION OR CONCENTRATION OF POWERS • Unitary: • Federal: • ACCORDING TO THE RELATIONSHIP OF THE EXECUTIVE AND LEGISLATIVE BRANCHES OF GOVERNMENT • Presidential • Parliamentary

  21. MONARCHY

  22. ARISTOCRACY OR OLIGARCHY • A government which is ruled by few privileged class, whose right arises from the facts of birth, wisdom or wealth.

  23. DEMOCRACY

  24. ELECTIVE

  25. HEREDITARY

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