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Volcanoes

This article explores the three main types of volcanoes: Shield, Cinder Cone, and Composite. Shield volcanoes, like Mauna Loa, feature gentle slopes and basaltic magma, reaching up to 9,000 meters. Cinder Cone volcanoes, such as Paricutin, have moderate slopes and erupt pyroclastic materials. Composite volcanoes, including Mount St. Helens and Vesuvius, exhibit alternating layers of different magma types and often experience violent eruptions. Additionally, the impact of volcanic eruptions on climate is discussed, highlighting how ash and gases can lead to significant atmospheric changes.

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Volcanoes

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  1. Volcanoes Abby Budin, Amanda Miller and Nikki Prior SCI 210 Geology October 12, 2005

  2. Shield Volcano Form of Volcano: Slightly Sloped 6-12 degrees Size: Up to 9000m high Type of Magma: Basalt Style of Activity: Gentle, some fire fountains Examples: Hawaii

  3. Mauna Loa • Mauna Loa, the largest of the shield volcanoes, is 13,677 feet above sea level, which means it rises over 28,000 feet above the deep ocean floor, and would be the worlds tallest mountain if much of it were not underwater.

  4. Cinder Cone Form of Volcano: Moderate slope Size: 100-400m high Type of Magma: Basalt or andesite Style of Activity: Ejections of pyroclastic material Examples: Paricutin, Mexico

  5. Medicine Lake Mount Shasta

  6. Composite Volcano Form of Volcano: Alternate layers of flows and pyroclastics Size: 100-3500m high Type of Magma: Variety of types of magmas and ash Style of Activity: Often violent Examples: Vesuvius, Mount St. Helens, Aconcagua

  7. Mount Fuji Mount Hood

  8. How do volcanoes affect climate? • Ash and gas spewed • Some falls or washes out, some shoot into stratosphere • Ash and gas in stratosphere causes haze • Haze shades and cools Earth enough to cause a climate change • Pinatubo in Philippines (1991) • 15 million tons of sulfur dioxide • Solar radiation declined 2-4% • Temperature rose again in 1994 • Put more aerosols into the stratosphere than any other volcano in the 20th century http://earthbulletin.amnh.org/D/3/1/

  9. Vesuvius • 79 A.D. • Destroyed Roman cities of Pompeii, Herculaneum and several neighboring villages near what is now Naples, Italy. • Buried the villages 5-8m of hot ash • Inactive for 700 years prior to the eruption.

  10. Krakatoa • 1883 • SW Pacific Ocean • Generated tsunamis • Killed 36,000 people

  11. Resources • TITLE PAGE • http://www.wallys.com/art/volcanoe.jpg • SHIELD • http://www.windows.ucar.edu/tour/link=/earth/interior/shield_volcanos.html • http://library.thinkquest.org/17457/volcanoes/types.shield.php • CINDER CONE • http://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/volc/types.html • Mount Shasta: • http://vulcan.wr.usgs.gov/Volcanoes/Shasta/images.html • Medicine Lake: • http://vulcan.wr.usgs.gov/Imgs/Jpg/MedicineLake/glass_mtn.jpg • COMPOSITE • http://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/volc/types.html • Mt. Fuji: • http://www.denney-net.co.uk/Kawaguchiko%20Mount%20Fuji.jpg • Mount Hood: • http://www.taphilo.com/photo/pictures/Mount-Hood.jpg • ANCIENT VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS • Vesuvius: • http://www.j-m-w-turner.co.uk/artist/gifetc/turner-vesuvius.jpg • http://faculty.ed.umuc.edu/~jmatthew/naples/eruption03.JPG • Krakatoa: • http://hypatia.morelos.gob.mx/no3/imagenes/KRAKATOA.jpg

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