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The Cold War 1945-1991

The Cold War 1945-1991. By Ms. Joseph. Cold War. Competition and tension between the US and USSR for power and influence in the world without any direct fighting Competitions: Politics – Democracy vs. Communism (Totalitarianism)

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The Cold War 1945-1991

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  1. The Cold War 1945-1991 By Ms. Joseph

  2. Cold War • Competition and tension between the US and USSR for power and influence in the world without any direct fighting • Competitions: • Politics – Democracy vs. Communism (Totalitarianism) • Economics – Capitalism vs. Communism or Mixed Economy vs. Command Economy • Technology • Arms Race (weapons & military) • Space Race • Influence among 3rd World Nations • Military Alliances – NATO vs. Warsaw Pact

  3. USA Democracy Freedom Capitalism Individualism USSR Totalitarianism Equality Socialism Collectivism Different Values USA rules, USSR drools We are the Best, better than The West

  4. “Weapons” of the Cold War • Threat of Nuclear Attack • Propaganda • Sending Economic and Military Aid to Weaker Nations

  5. YALTA (in the USSR) Date: Feb 1945 Present: Churchill, Roosevelt and Stalin

  6. Yalta • Creation of United Nations • Division of Germany into 4 Sectors • Russian agree to help defeat Japan in exchange for land • Stalin agrees to free elections in occupied territories

  7. POTSDAM (Germany) Date: July 1945 Present: Churchill, Truman and Stalin

  8. Potsdam • Stalin refused free elections, instead installed communist governments in occupied territories. • US has the A-bomb and are anxious to restrict Russia • Finalize agreement to divide Germany and Berlin • Demilitarize Germany • Reparations from own war zones

  9. US Truman Doctrine Containment Marshall Plan NATO United Nations USSR Soviet Satellites – Iron Curtain Warsaw Pact United Nations Cold War Foreign Policies

  10. Containment • Containment – US Foreign Policy to keep communism within its existing borders • Containment became the driving force behind US efforts to stop the spread of communism either directly or indirectly around the world: • Greece • Turkey • Berlin • Korea • China • Vietnam

  11. Truman Doctrine • Problem: • Communist Rebels in Greece • Soviets “bullying” Turkey • Truman - USA will help (economic and military aid) any country fighting communism • Greece and Turkey, received $400M first and successfully defeated communism

  12. Marshall Plan • Marshall Plan - offered huge sums of money to enable the war shattered economies of Europe to rebuild • Purpose – to generate economic prosperity in order to avoid the appeal of Communism • Catch -$ had to be spent on products made in the US • USSR - rejected the Marshall Plan thinking it was a plan to boost the US economy and make countries dependent on US

  13. NATO Military Alliance between the US and western Europe An attack against one nation would be considered an attack against all Warsaw Pact Military Alliance between the USSR and Eastern Europe Pledge to defend one another in the event of an attack NATO and Warsaw Pact

  14. Iron Curtain – A term used by Winston Churchill to describe the separating of Those communist lands of East Europe from the West. Divided Germany

  15. Berlin Blockade • Western Allies attempt to unite the Western Sectors of Germany and Berlin and form an independent West Germany with a common currency • West Berlin - democratic and economic success deep within the Communist zone. • Berlin Blockade – 1948 Stalin tries to starve the city to force the west out of West Berlin • USSR cut off all ground access to Berlin, leaving 2M West Berliners without food, electricity and fuel

  16. Berlin Airlift • Purpose – to prevent the takeover of West Berlin by the USSR • US sent 2M tons of supplies to West Berlin on Cargo Plans • Results: • US looks like a hero • Success for containment

  17. Communism in China • Chinese Civil War • Communist – Mao Zedong • Support of peasants (majority) • Promised land reforms • Nationalist- Chiang Kai-shek • Refused to fix countries problems • US sends $3B in aid to help Nationalists

  18. Chinese Civil War • Results: • Chiang Kai-shek fled to Formosa establishes the Republic of China • Allies with US • Mao Zedong established the Peoples Republic of China • Allies with USSR • Loss for Containment

  19. Korea 1945 Post WWII • North Korea occupied by USSR • South Korea occupied by US • Plan to create an independent, unified Korea • North and South Korea Divided at the 38 Parallel

  20. Korean War • June 1950 - 90,000 N. Korea (Communist)Troops invade S. Korea • June 1950 - Truman orders Naval & Air Force to Korea without formal • declaration of war & UN Security Council approves military aid to South Korea • North Korea • South Korea

  21. Korean War MacArthur North Korea/Chinese Troops cross 38 Parallel South Korea/UN Troops *MacArthur Fired for insubordination • North Korea • South Korea/UN Troops • Cornered at Pusan North Korea pined at Chinese Border South Korea/UN Troops *Truman wants LIMITED WAR

  22. Korean War • Results: • Stalemate at 38th Parallel • Successful Containment of Communism • North Korea – Communist • South Korea – Democracy • Truman expanded the Power of the Presidency by sending troops without a formal declaration of war • Congress doubled spending on the arms race • North Korea • South Korea/UN Troops

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