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Classifying the Elements 6.2. Classifying the Elements. 6.2.
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Classifying the Elements 6.2 • A coin may contain much information in a small space—its value, the year it was minted, and its country of origin. Each square in a periodic table also contains information. You will learn what types of information are usually listed in a periodic table.
6.2 Squares in the Periodic Table • Squares in the Periodic Table • What type of information can be displayed in a periodic table?
6.2 Squares in the Periodic Table • The periodic table displays the symbols and names of the elements, along with information about the structure of their atoms.
6.2 Squares in the Periodic Table • The background colors in the squares are used to distinguish groups of elements. • The Group 1A elements are called alkali metals. • The Group 2A elements are called alkaline earth metals. • The nonmetals of Group 7A are called halogens.
6.2 Squares in the Periodic Table
6.2 Electron Configurations in Groups • Electron Configurations in Groups • How can elements be classified based on their electron configurations?
6.2 Electron Configurations in Groups • Elements can be sorted into the following based on their electron configurations: • 1)noble gases • 2)representative elements • 3)transition metals • 4)inner transition metals
6.2 Electron Configurations in Groups • The blimp contains helium, one of the noble gases.
Do Now: • Write the electron configurations for: • Helium (He) • Neon (Ne) • Argon (Ar) • Krypton (Kr)
6.2 Electron Configurations in Groups • The Noble Gases • The noble gases are the elements in Group 8A of the periodic table. The electron configurations for the first four noble gases in Group 8A are listed below.
Nobel gases • What do all these Nobel gases have in common? • Take a look at the highest energy levels for each gas. • The s and p sublevels are completely filled with electrons.
6.2 Electron Configurations in Groups • The Representative Elements • Elements in groups 1A through 7A are often referred to as representative elements because they display a wide range of physical and chemical properties. • The s and p sublevels of the highest occupied energy level are not filled. • The group number equals the number of electrons in the highest occupied energy level.
6.2 Electron Configurations in Groups • In atoms of the Group 1A elements below, there is only one electron in the highest occupied energy level.
6.2 Electron Configurations in Groups • In atoms of the Group 4A elements below, there are four electrons in the highest occupied energy level.
6.2 Representative Elements • Representative Elements
6.2 Representative Elements • Representative Elements
6.2 Representative Elements • Representative Elements
6.2 Representative Elements • Representative Elements
6.2 Transition Elements • Transition Elements • There are two types of transition elements—transition metals and inner transition metals. They are classified based on their electron configurations.
6.2 Transition Elements • In atoms of a transition metal, the highest occupied s sublevel and a nearby d sublevel contain electrons. • In atoms of an inner transition metal, the highest occupied s sublevel and a nearby f sublevel generally contain electrons.
6.2 Transition Elements • Blocks of Elements
Section Assessment • 6.2.
6.2 Section Quiz • 1. Which of the following information about elements is usually NOT included in a periodic table? • color • symbol • atomic number • atomic mass
6.2 Section Quiz • 2. An alkali metal would have in the highest occupied energy level • an s2 electron. • an s1 electron. • p2electrons. • p6 electrons.
6.2 Section Quiz • 3. Which one of the following is incorrectly labeled? • Ne, noble gas • Cu, transition metal • Ga, transition metal • Cl, halogen
6.2 Section Quiz • 4. Transition metals are characterized as being different than representative elements because they have electrons in which suborbitals? • p • d • s • f
