Flipped Learning

Flipped Learning

Edward and Mary: Religion Good learning: Recall the key issues Edward/Mary’s faced in relation to religion Great learning: Explain how religion changed under Edward and Mary Even better: Evaluate whether there was a ‘Mid Tudor Crisis’ in religion Key Words: Dispensation How did relations with foreign powers change and how was the succession secured?

Recap: differences between Catholics and Protestants Afterlife Eucharist Role of the Priest Bible Church leadership Decoration

Mid-Tudor Crisis – was there a crisis in religion during the reigns of Edward and Mary? What would a ‘crisis in religion’ look like during the reigns of Edward and Mary?

Edward and Mary: Foreign Policy Mid-Tudor Crisis argument So far we have looked at the reasons Whitney Jones gives for there being a Mid-Tudor Crisis in government and foreign policy. Now we will look at the reasons he gives for there being a Mid-Tudor crisis in relation to religion. • The turmoil of the English Reformation continued unabated in this period as England vacillated between the moderate reformism of Somerset, the radicalism of Northumberland, and the arid conservatism of Mary. • The religious upheaval destabilised the roots of society and contributed to the rebellions witnessed in this period.

Edward and Mary: Government Revisionist argument • The religious and economic strife of the period had deeper roots than traditionalists have suggested, and are in no way particular to this period.

Edward and Mary: Religious policies • On the next slide are a series of question to focus your reading on religious policies under Edward and Mary. • Use A3 paper to create a poster on religious policy under Edward and Mary

Mary What were Mary’s aims in religion? (p.139) What Acts did the 1553 Parliament pass? (p.139) How did government policy use education to enforce Catholicism (p.140) What were the consequences of the passing of the Heresy Act? (pp.140-141) Somerset What happened when Edward became King (p.128) What initial action was taken on religion (p.129-30) What action was taken on religion after the war (p.130) Northumberland What was the religious context when Northumberland took over (p.134) What changed in religion as a result of the laws passed by Parliament, which assembled in 1552? (pp.134-35) By Summer 1553, what was the state of religion in England? (p.135

Humanism under Edward • Using p.7-8, write down a definition of Humanism to jog your memory! • Using p.135, answer the following questions: • P1 – To what extent had English people become Protestant when Mary successes to the throne? • P2 – How did Humanism developed under Edward VI? • P3 – How did Humanism impact education? • P4 – How did Humanism impact printing?

FLIP LEARNING • TASK: • Complete the question on religious policies that were passed under Edward and Mary, using the blog if you do not have a textbook • Complete the question on humanism under Edward. The work due for today is…

Religion under Somerset • Somerset = sympathetic to Protestantism but is sensitive and aware of the potential implications of radical religious change. • Exiled Protestants returned to England from Europe and settled on the East Coast • The Reform faction were in control of the Government, but English Bishops were split on whether to support further change • Relaxation of censorship led to an increase in the number of pamphlets and writing against Catholicism • At first, the government adopted a logical policy. A full scale enquiry into the state of the Church of England was launched. • Measures were introduced to undo the 6 Articles of Religion • Rules introduced that provided for services and Bibles to be in English • Parliament 1547: Enact religious change, but did little more than underline what was already happening. • The Chantries Act: abolished Chantries • WAR WITH SCOTLAND ENDED • 1549 Act of Uniformity: English as language of worship; congregation get body and blood; services along familiar lines and priests dressed and behaved as always. • 1549 Book of Common Prayer: Arch Bishop Cranmer ‘master of vagueness’

Religion under Northumberland • Protestant reformers continued to flood into England. Some were Calvinist. • Northumberland was keen to support people with radical views. Opportunist or sealing his position? • Conservatives lost their prominent positions e.g. Gardiner • January 1552 Parliament: • Treason Act; Act of Uniformity • Book of Common Prayer • 1553 alters replaced with communion table • attack on the wealth of the church

Humanism under Edward • There is no agreement on what people in England thought in relation to religion. • Landowners tend to prefer Protestantism • London had enthusiasm for Protestantism • For many others it was acceptance rather than enthusiasm • Uneducated did not like the disappearance of familiar ceremonies • However, humanism was having a strong influence amongst the educated elite • Had been flowering at Cambridge University • Some of Erasmus’ work was translated into English • Originally, humanism had not been ‘Catholic’ or ‘Protestant’, but by Edward’s reign some humanists were conservative in their theology. However, younger people were not and humanist ideas soon became linked with Protestantism. • Humanism became linked with education • Edward’s tutor (Richard Cox) was a humanist, Elizabeth’s tutors were also humanist • Humanists were also keen to spread their knowledge • This led to an explosion in printing – metrical psalms (psalms translated into English poetry and set to hymn tunes) • Clergy published theological books e.g. Sermon of the Plough

Religion under Mary • Aim of Mary was to reinstate Catholicism (brought up as a Catholic) • Parliament 1553 • First Act of Repealed reversed religious change to when Edward became King • Parliament 1554 • Pole is back (Papal legate and will become Arch Bishop of Cantebury) • Second Act of Repeal – reversed religion to 1529 • Feb 1555 – Heresy Act which led to the death of roughly 300 Protestants • Those who would not renounce their faith were burnt at the stake • Cranmer was burnt at the stake, but so were ordinary people • Cranmer’s death was significant because he had been the guidance force behind the introduction of Protestantism • Mary did not want him executed but had no choice – Cranmer recanted but stood by his Protestantism • Mary saw the burning as necessary to cleanse the country of Protestant heresy • Her advisors were less convinced… • Those burnt became heroes and was used by Protestant’s who has fled as propaganda • However, it is careful not to exaggerate the effects of the burnings e.g. little evidence of strong reactions beyond London.

To what extent was there a Mid-Tudor Crisis in religion in the years 1549-1558 Was NOT a Mid Tudor crisis Was NOT a Mid Tudor crisis Was a Mid Tudor crisis Was a Mid Tudor crisis Working with the person opposite you, plan out two PEEL paragraphs using a white board pen and your tables. Use one table per paragraph. Now, using a green whiteboard pen you are going to peer assess another table’s plan. Was NOT a Mid Tudor crisis Was NOT a Mid Tudor crisis Was a Mid Tudor crisis Was a Mid Tudor crisis Was NOT a Mid Tudor crisis Was NOT a Mid Tudor crisis Was a Mid Tudor crisis Was a Mid Tudor crisis

Source Extract Plan There is obviously something to be said for the view that the years 1536 to 1558 were a period of crisis for the people of England. These years saw unprecedented rapid changes in religion, arguably the two areas which affected most intimately the lives of ordinary Englishmen. Historians are now emphasising the profound psychological shocks which these upheavals must have meant for hundreds of thousands of men and women who had been accustomed to much less volatile conditions. It is doubtful, on the other hand, if the Tudor State was ever in quite such serious difficulties as the word ‘crisis’ implies. It was occupied successively by a sick and rapidly aging bully, a boy who was too young to rule and a woman with limited political abilities. In these circumstances what is significant and remarkable is not the weakness of government but its relative strength. TASK: Underline the key arguments in this extract

Source Extract Plan There is obviously something to be said for the view that the years 1536 to 1558 were a period of crisis for the people of England. These years saw unprecedented rapid changes in religion, arguably an area which affected most intimately the lives of ordinary Englishmen. Historians are now emphasising the profound psychological shocks which these upheavals must have meant for hundreds of thousands of men and women who had been accustomed to much less volatile conditions. It is doubtful, on the other hand, if the Tudor State was ever in quite such serious difficulties as the word ‘crisis’ implies. It was occupied successively by a sick and rapidly aging bully, a boy who was too young to rule and a woman with limited political abilities. In these circumstances what is significant and remarkable is not the weakness of government but its relative strength.

There is obviously something to be said for the view that the years 1536 to 1558 were a period of crisis for the people of England. These years saw unprecedented rapid changes in religion, arguably the two areas which affected most intimately the lives of ordinary Englishmen. Historians are now emphasising the profound psychological shocks which these upheavals must have meant for hundreds of thousands of men and women who had been accustomed to much less volatile conditions. It is doubtful, on the other hand, if the Tudor State was ever in quite such serious difficulties as the word ‘crisis’ implies. It was occupied successively by a sick and rapidly aging bully, a boy who was too young to rule and a woman with limited political abilities. In these circumstances what is significant and remarkable is not the weakness of government but its relative strength.

Source Extract Plan There is obviously something to be said for the view that the years 1536 to 1558 were a period of crisis for the people of England. These years saw unprecedented rapid changes in religion, arguably an area which affected most intimately the lives of ordinary Englishmen. Historians are now emphasising the profound psychological shocks which these upheavals must have meant for hundreds of thousands of men and women who had been accustomed to much less volatile conditions. It is doubtful, on the other hand, if the Tudor State was ever in quite such serious difficulties as the word ‘crisis’ implies. It was occupied successively by a sick and rapidly aging bully, a boy who was too young to rule and a woman with limited political abilities. In these circumstances what is significant and remarkable is not the weakness of government but its relative strength. TASK: Highlight the arguments that you find convincing, and not convincing.

Mid-Tudor Crisis Overview

Flipped Learning