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Synaptic Transmission

Synaptic Transmission. Synaptic Transmission is either Electrical or Chemical in Nature. Acetyl choline Amines--epinepherine, norepinepherine,dopamine , 5HT, seratonin Amino acids --glutamate, aspartate, GABA, glycine Peptides --substance P, CCK, ANF Purines -- ATP, AMP Gases -- NO

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Synaptic Transmission

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  1. Synaptic Transmission

  2. Synaptic Transmission is either Electrical or Chemical in Nature • Acetyl choline • Amines--epinepherine, norepinepherine,dopamine , 5HT, seratonin • Amino acids --glutamate, aspartate, GABA, glycine • Peptides --substance P, CCK, ANF • Purines -- ATP, AMP • Gases -- NO • Lipids

  3. Presynaptic Toxins • Botulism toxin – blocks snare docking at NMJ • Tetanus toxin – blocks glycine release from inhibitory synapses in the spinal motor neurons

  4. Acetyl choline --nicotinic fast channel

  5. Cholinergic Neurons Nicotinic -- Fast PNS Channels at the Neuromuscular Junction require binding of two molecules and allow the movement of both sodium and potassium Muscarinic -- Slow channels in CNS and autonomic parasympathetic. Five related subtypes coupled to G proteins and second messengers. Excitatory and inhibitory. Acetylcholine is destroyed by acetylcholinesterase.

  6. Acetyl Choline --Muscarinic Slow Channel

  7. Synaptic Transmission is Graded

  8. Synaptic Transmission May Be Excitatory or Inhibitory

  9. Andrenergic Neurons Alpha and Beta Receptors linked to G proteins for norepinepherine Presynaptic degredation is produced by monoamine oxidase, postsynaptic degredation is caused by catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT)

  10. Adrenergic Receptors

  11. Eric Kandel and his associates received the Nobel Prize last year for work on synaptic facilitation in Aplysia. In these experiments, Kandel showed that the release of neurotransmitter at one synapse is increased by a facilitating neuron.

  12. Long Term Potentiation Glutamate has two receptors- NMDAand AMPA Na entry through AMPA depolarizes the cell and removes Mg from the NMDA receptor and allows Ca++ to enter. Ca++ activates second messenger pathways. Cell becomes more sensitive as more channels are placed in the membrane and these are phopphorylated. NO is released from the postsynaptic cell to enhance neurotransmitter release.

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