Information Technology Security Issues

1. Topic 8 Information Technology Security Issues Text Materials Chapter 8 – Protecting People and Information

2. IT Security Issues • The IT security issue. • Different types/categories of Cybercrime and IT security threats. • Some popular historical viruses and worms. • Security Precautions.

3. IT Security Issues

4. IT Security Issues Threats are escalating! • 90% of all businesses affected each year. • $17B+ annual cost. • 5%+ of IT budget.

5. U.S. Corporations Top Security Concerns Data Theft Systems Penetration DoS Attacks Percent of respondents concerned in each category. Source: Adapted from InfoWorld, November 16th, 2001

6. Financial Loss Areas Note: In 2008, the most expensive incidents are still Financial Fraud, followed by Bots. Source: Adapted from CSI/FBI Security Survey, 2002, 2007

7. Percent of Organizations Hit by Various Types of Breaches Source: Adapted from CSI Security Survey, 2008

8. Post Incident Actions Source: Adapted from CSI Security Survey, 2008

9. Percentage of IT Budget Spent on Security, Average 5% Source: Adapted from CSI Security Survey, 2008

10. IT Security Issues Intrusions, Not reported Dollar Losses are soaring FBI, $10B annual losses total-2002 Some estimates go much higher 503 Respondents Cross-Section of Organizations

11. Profile of a Computer Criminal • Thousands and thousands of Web Sites • Easy to write Business Week 2/21/2000 • Male 19-30, no criminal record • Computer specialist, clerical, student, manager • Self confident, eager, energetic • High IQ, personable, creative • Egocentric • Ax to grind • Anti-establishment • Doesn’t view himself as a criminal A substantial amount of technical knowledge. Contempt of the law or feeling above the law. Manipulative and risk-taking nature. An active imagination. Other Sources:Information Technology for Management, thinkquest.org & nsca.com

12. Easy to Obtain Tools for Cyber Criminals

13. Identity Theft Identity theft occurs when someone uses the personal information of another (i.e., name, date of birth, social security number, credit card numbers, bank account numbers, etc.), fraudulently and without permission. Criminals usually do this to obtain money or goods and services, but identity theft is also perpetrated to obtain false drivers’ licenses, birth certificates, social security numbers, visas and other official government papers. Source: Motes, K. “Identity Theft”, http://www.odl.state.ok.us, December 27, 2002.

14. ID Theft - CNET News.comNovember 25, 2002, 2:34 PM PT Calling it the largest such bust ever, the U.S. Attorney in Manhattan and the FBI apprehended an alleged ring of identity thieves, accusing three men of stealing tens of thousands of credit reports. The ring is alleged to have operated over a period of three years, suspected of pilfering credit reports from the three major commercial credit reporting agencies and using that information to siphon funds from bank accounts and make fraudulent purchases. Authorities have accounted for $2.7 million in losses so far. At the center of the scheme as outlined Monday by Justice Department and FBI officials is a help-desk employee of Teledata Communications (TCI), a company in Bay Shore, N.Y., that lets banks and other lenders access credit histories compiled by Equifax, Experian and TransUnion. The TCI employee, Philip Cummings, stands accused of wire fraud and conspiracy in filching lenders' passwords and subscriber codes that let a network of identity thieves obtain tens of thousands of credit reports of more than 30,000 individuals. TCI declined to comment. The government has fingered two other defendants, Linus Baptiste and Hakeem Mohammed, in related cases. "The defendants took advantage of an insider's access to sensitive information in much the same way that a gang of thieves might get the combination to the bank vault from an insider," Kevin Donovan, assistant director in charge of the FBI's New York field office, said in a statement. "But the potential windfall was probably far greater than the contents of a bank vault, and using 2lst century technology, they didn't even need a getaway car. Using the same technology, we determined what was done and who did it, proving that technology is a double-edged sword." Experts on identity theft said the existence of such a ring was the natural by-product of the existing system of computerized credit information. "This situation was a problem waiting to happen," said Linda Foley, executive director of the Identity Theft Resource Center in San Diego. "We know that there are many cases of computer breaches where information (is stolen) leading to identity theft." Experts also blamed TCI and the credit agencies for their roles in the identity theft problem. "How much screening did (Cummings) go through before being hired for the help desk?" Foley said. A Gartner analyst pointed out the problem of too many low-level employees having access to consumers' personal information. "The fact that lower-tier employees, people who don't have as high a degree of accountability, have access to such information is a problem, and it's one we see on a regular basis," Gartner analyst Doug Barbin said. Among the TCI clients whose passwords and subscribers codes the identity thieves used are Ford Motor Credit's Grand Rapids, Mich., branch; Washington Mutual Bank in St. Augustine, Fla.; Washington Mutual Finance in Crossville, Tenn.; Dollar Bank in Cleveland; and Central Texas Energy Supply.

15. Linus Baptiste Hakeem Mohammed “Hi, I’m Philip, may I help you?”

16. IT Security Threats

17. IT Security Threats

18. IT Security Threats

19. IT Security Threats

20. (3) Basic Categories of Threats • Network Attacks • Intrusions • Malicious Code

21. R Increased Opportunity for Data Interception > 10X Public Network Data Interception: Old Model Versus New Model Private Network

22. 1. Network Attacks Slows Network Performance Degrades Services Often Does Not Breach Internal IT Workings Can be Started by People with only Modest IT Skills

23. DoS Attack • Denial of Service Attack • Easy to Mount • Difficult to Defend Against

24. Denial of Service Attack High Threat • $$$ • Lost commerce • Image • Users are denied service to a server • Can tie up an organization’s network IP Packet 111.111.11.33 212.212.75.86 Message/Request Source Address Destination Address

25. Normal Service 111.111.11.33 212.212.75.86 IP Packet 111.111.11.33 212.212.75.86 Message/Request Source Address Destination Address

26. Denial of Service Attack 111.111.11.33 212.212.75.86 IP Packet Bogus.bogus.bogus 212.212.75.86 Message/Request Source Address Destination Address

27. 2. Intrusions

28. 3. Malicious Code

29. Love Bug Virus May 4th, 2000 45 Million Users 300,000 Internet host computers E-Mail Replication VBScript Program Characteristics: Wide-Spread Deletes Files Replicates Changes Home Page

30. Anna Kournikova Virus February 12th, 2001 E-Mail Replication VBScript Program Characteristics: Replicates attachment

31. Slammer / Sapphire Worm January 25th, 2003 100,000+ Servers Buffer Overflow Network Outages involving: * Airline flights & ATM’s * Internet backbone disruption – S. Korea Random Scanning Buffer Originating Computer Vulnerable Server Port 1434 Characteristics: Wide-Spread Attacked specific port Smallest, efficient, 376 bytes Easy to detect Filled Internet Bandwidth, Overloaded Networks Random, went after every server Very Rapid Spread, doubling time 8 seconds Took DB Servers out of operation Did not destroy files

32. Security Precautions and Recommendations • Firewalls • Access Logs • Anti-virus software • Access Authentication • Encryption

33. Security Precautions and Recommendations Source: Adapted from CSI Security Survey, 2008

34. Source: Vicomsoft (www.vicomsoft.com) Firewalls

35. Access Logs Access Log

36. Encryption

37. The “s” in https and the padlock Encryption

38. Anti-virus software

39. Access Authentication

40. PCI Compliance