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The Semantic Community: Building Knowledge-Centric Systems in the Cloud

The Semantic Community: Building Knowledge-Centric Systems in the Cloud. Keynote Presentation for the SEMIC.EU Conference on Rethinking Semantic Interoperability Through Collaboration Brussels, Belgium by Brand Niemann, Director and Senior Data Scientist Semantic Community May 18, 2011

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The Semantic Community: Building Knowledge-Centric Systems in the Cloud

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  1. The Semantic Community: Building Knowledge-Centric Systems in the Cloud Keynote Presentation for the SEMIC.EU Conference on Rethinking Semantic Interoperability Through Collaboration Brussels, Belgium by Brand Niemann, Director and Senior Data Scientist Semantic Community May 18, 2011 http://semanticommunity.info

  2. Abstract • The Federal Semantic Interoperability Community of Practice (SICoP) was established in 2003 by a group of individuals for the purpose of achieving "semantic interoperability" and "semantic data integration" focused on the U.S. government sector. The SICoP enabled Semantic Interoperability, specifically the "operationalizing" of these technologies and approaches, through online conversation, meetings, tutorials, conferences, pilot projects, and other activities aimed at developing and disseminating best practices. The SICoP was graduated to the Semantic Community in 2008 because the maturation of the Semantic Web and Semantic Technologies created the need to apply the work of SICoP to the real-world needs of both government and non-government organizations in a new way. Now the Semantic Community is building knowledge-centric systems based on the earlier SICoP experience and maturation of the pilots and products fostered previously.

  3. Bio • Dr. Brand Niemann is the Director and Senior Data Scientist of the Semantic Community. He was the former Senior Enterprise Architect and Data Scientist at the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and co-led the Federal CIO Council’s Semantic Interoperability Community of Practice (SICOP) with Mills Davis from 2003-2008: • http://semanticommunity.info/Federal_Semantic_Interoperability_Community_of_Practice. • He is currently authoring a series of Editorials for Federal Computer Week on his work: • http://semanticommunity.info/A_Gov_2.0_spin_on_archiving_2.0_data • and recently made Spotfire's Twitter list for his cool visualizations on government data to produce more transparent, open and collaborative business analytics applications: • http://spotfireblog.tibco.com/?p=5328.

  4. Editorials for Federal Computer Week • 1. Making Individuals Into Information Architects and Preservationists. • 2. Data Services - What Data.gov and Many Other Things Should Be. • 3. Federal Cloud Computing: It can really happen if we can do our own IT! • 4. Gov 2.0 Platform Data Services with Cloud Computing: OMB Earmarks Database. • 5. Gov 2.0 Platform Data Services with Cloud Computing: HealthDataGov. • 6. What’s In a Name for Open Government Data Sets?: Everything! • 7. Build Health Care Data Analytics in the Cloud: How patient and provider data can be used to promote economic growth, improved health care, and save taxpayer’s money. • 8. The Open Government Research and Development Summit: Ed Tufte Should Have Been in the House and Sooner!

  5. Open Collaboration with Open Standards • My Experiences (Editorial for Federal Computer Week in process): • Standardizing “Eformsfor Egov” for Mark Forman with the eGrants Schema and Web Services as Chair of the Federal CIOC’s Web Services Working Group; • Move everybody up in interoperability instead of ‘rip-n-replace’. • Standardizing SOA and Semantic Interoperability for the Federal CIO Council with multiple pilots, ontology, and semantic technologies as Co-chair of the Federal CIOC’s SOA and SICoP Communities of Practice; and • ‘Show me a SOA’ and get the ‘Medici Effect: the best and brightest will find one another and collaborate to innovate, facilitated by the technology itself”. • Standardizing cloud computing for VivekKundra and Aneesh Chopra for desktops, Gov 2.0 platforms, data centers, and health data as Director and Senior Data Scientist of the Semantic Community and formerly senior enterprise architect and senior data scientist for the US EPA. • ‘Think outside the box’ and foster open collaboration with open standards in multiple pilots. • I especially want to put the recent Federal CIOC’s reports on NIEM into a broader perspective: • See http://semanticommunity.info/National_Information_Exchange_Model/Assessment_Report

  6. Open Collaboration with Open Standards

  7. Overview • 1. The Invitation • 2. Introduction • 3. SICoP • 4. Semantic Community • 5. Knowledge-Centric Systems in the Cloud • 6. Questions and Answers

  8. 1. Invitation • I am contacting you primarily to ask about SICoP. How is it going on? I have a great interest as one of my ideas here is to set up a similar SICoP with EU CIOs. The US experience and lessons-learnt would of course be a very valuable source of lessons-learnt and know-how on this. • Present mainly experiences, lessons-learnt, what has worked and what not, the challenges, etc. in the years you are working with SICoP. My intention is to mobilize around SEMIC a European CoP on semantic interoperability and we really want to learn from your experience in the US. • Vassilios PERISTERAS, Programme Manager, European Commission, Informatics Directorate-General (DIGIT), Interoperability Solutions for European Public Administrations (ISA).

  9. 1. Invitation • VassiliosPeristeras has recently taken over the responsibility for the semantic methodologies and Linked Open Data actions in the ISA Unit. A seasoned expert in these fields, he has joined as a seconded national expert from Greece the Commission after several years of research and practical experience in organizations like the United Nations, CERTH/ITI, the Greek National Centre for Public Administration and Local Government, and Digital Enterprise Research Institute in Galway, Ireland (DERI). In this interview, Vassilios describes the usefulness of SEMIC.EU’s Core Person, comments on the more general Core Concept idea in the greater context of eGovernment interoperability - and makes the case for expanding SEMIC.EU in two directions: a) creating, hosting, and maintaining a selective library of harmonized, generic metadata schemas and b) creating the infrastructure for a federated portal for eGovernment metadata schemas. Source

  10. 1. SEMIC.EU Roadmap • SEMIC.EU defines goals and strategies in roadmap, 19/08/2008: • A new roadmap sets SEMIC.EU's course on enhanced services, individual project and community coaching. • The document will be presented during the upcoming meeting of the SEMIC.EU Advisory Group on 17th September 2008. • Essential objectives are already known. Three goals define where SEMIC.EU is heading: • SEMIC.EU is going to be the single point of collaboration for Member States initiatives and pan-European eGovernment projects. • SEMIC.EU is going to be the main European service and platform for solving questions and issues of semantic interoperability. • SEMIC.EU is going to be the European partner for global standardisation bodies representing living communities of eGovernment and cross border data interchange. Source

  11. 1. SEMIC.EU 2010 Roadmap Source: http://www.semic.eu/semic/view/documents/SEMIC-2010-Roadmap.pdf

  12. 1. SEMIC.EU at 1 Going on 2 • First anniversary: SEMIC.EU's birthday, 7/06/2009: • The Semantic Interoperability Centre celebrates its 1st anniversary on 17th June 2009. • The Centre has built bridges for and with the help of more than 50 partner projects and initiatives and 550 registered users. • With the help of partners and users, the groundwork has been laid for more cases of successful reuse of assets of interoperability and, thus, better eGovernment in Europe. • The Semantic Interoperability Centre Europe heads into its second year with a number of key objectives: • fostering the discourse on technical issues like ontology development • new partnerships • new cases of reuse and cooperation among projects, within as well as across domains • comprehensive exchange of knowledge on research in semantic technologies

  13. 2. Introduction • 2.1 A Simple Example of Semantic Interoperability: The What, Why, Who, and How (September 2007). • Also use this to build community and networking. • 2.2 The Different Scales of Semantic Interoperability: • Community of Practice – (“Speaking the Same Language” - Press Coverage January 7, 2008) • Mediation – Ontological Engineering (help with mapping among heterogeneous models of information) • Standardization – Data Element Vocabularies • 2.3 A Best Practice Example: Semantic Interoperability Interfaces

  14. 2.1 Semantic Interoperability:The What, Why, Who, and How • I know that you believe that you understood what you think I said, but I am not sure you realize that what you heard is not what I meant. • Robert McCloskey, State Department spokesman (attributed). • http://www.quotationspage.com/quotes/Robert_McCloskey/

  15. 2.1 What • Semantics = Meaning = Relationships • Humans (and therefore our machines) only ever understand anything in so far as it is related to other things ID

  16. 2.1 What • Semantics = Meaning = Relationships • Humans (and therefore our machines) only ever understand anything in so far as it is related to other things VA NY ID MD

  17. 2.1 What • Semantics = Meaning = Relationships • Humans (and therefore our machines) only ever understand anything in so far as it is related to other things SUPEREGO EGO ID ANALYSIS

  18. 2.1 What • Semantics = Meaning = Relationships • Humans (and therefore our machines) only ever understand anything in so far as it is related to other things LICENSE CARD ID BADGE

  19. 2.1 Semantic Interoperability:The Who, What, When, Where, Why, and How Purpose: To help build collaboration and your professional network . Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Five_Ws

  20. 2.2 The Different Scales of Semantic Interoperability • “Thoughts without content are empty, intuitions without concepts are blind but you must set priorities and budgets for what you want to look at (with an eye to the EU's Digital Agenda and apologies to Kant).” • Márta Nagy-Rothengass and Stefano Bertolo, European Commission, DG Information Society and Media, Unit E2 – Technologies for Information Management • SeeTheirPresentation to the Ontolog Forum, March 17, 2011, and SeeMyExcerptsfromTheirSlides and Chat Log Commentsin the NextSlide. • Interesting Discussions Coming Out of the 2011 Ontology Summit about Barry Smith’s Presentation at the Ontology Driven Implementation of Semantic Services for the Enterprise Environment (ODISSEE) Workshop, April 13, 2011. • SeeMyExcerptsfromHisRecentPresentation in Slide 20.

  21. 2.2 The Different Scales of Semantic Interoperability • To Make Every European Digital for a Single Digital Market (N. Kroes) – I added ‘by their use of cloud computing tools!’ • The Welty doctrine: In the semantic web the part that is new is not the semantic part, it is the web part (Chris Welty, ISWC 2005). • The Sowa Wisdom: Serious work on deep semantics, reasoning, inferencing, etc. overshadowed by low hanging fruits: terminologies, LOD, other shallow semantics. • Nicola Guarino: Despite EU efforts on promoting strong interdisciplinary communities, still the ontology community in EU is a bit scattered, and many researches working on EU-funded projects involving ontologies are suspicious towards an open interdisciplinary approach (especially if this philosophy-oriented research on formal ontology). • Steve Ray: Ah - good quote: "The need comes first, ontologies come later“.

  22. 2.2 The Different Scales of Semantic Interoperability • Barry Smith, National Center for Ontological Research: • Coordinated Development of Ontologies Across Diverse Communities of Interest: • Too many ontologies have created “semantic silos”. We need to reduce to one because we cannot afford more. • The attitudes of Tim Berners-Lee, which are in favour of freedom and anarchy, and creativity, and all those nice things, mitigate against the coordination which is necessary to make good scientific ontology work - in a way good science works. See Where is the knowledge we have lost in data? • The Gene Ontology Community is the principal contributor of data to the Semantic Web. See The OBO Foundary. • Ralph Hodgson doing the most to create good linking ontologies. See next slide. Source: Barry Smith

  23. 2.2 The Different Scales of Semantic Interoperability • Empower your SME, web specialists, and project managers and participants to contribute content to a common sandbox. • Be inclusive - You probably do not know where the next great idea, innovation, and product will come from in the community. • Show senior managers how their content can be made smarter and to participate. • Engage the citizenry in contributing content and building applications. • Bottom Line: Go up and out with your content using cloud tools and successful collaboration principles (Break the 90-9-1 Paradigm).

  24. 2.2 The Different Scales of Semantic Interoperability • Broader Context: • Interoperability Solutions for European Public Administrations • eGovernment Action Plan 2011-2015 • Speech of Vice President NeelieKroes • ISA Work Programme - 1st revision 2011 • “Data Science” on Budget Table • Address Four Levels in Francisco GarcíaMorán Slides 11 Notes (We did this with SICoP): • Level 1 – Simple website: Information is provided online about public policies and administrative procedures, but there is little or no change in the nature of the interaction of external stakeholders with the institution. • Level 2 – On-line government: Simple electronic interaction mechanisms are implemented (like e-mail or web-based forms) in an effort to provide better services to customers. • Level 3 – Integrated government: No paper forms need be filled in. Administrative activity is completely automated end-to-end, crossing organisational boundaries. • Level 4 – Transformed government:  Services are built up from the viewpoint of internal and external users, rather than based on the organisation’s set-up, so as to maximise user satisfaction through better quality and more transparency while also increasing efficiency. 

  25. 2.2 The Different Scales of Semantic Interoperability http://semanticommunity.info/Build_SEMIC.EU_in_the_Cloud

  26. 2.3 A Best Practice Example:Semantic Interoperability Interfaces • Build the Semantic Community in the Cloud: • Example: Build Sustainable Society Foundation Index 2010 in the Cloud: • See at http://www.sdi.gov • Build Interoperability Interfaces in the Cloud: • The means by which components of the smart grid can talk to each other, for example, or by which electronic health records can be shared and added to by many parties – are an important stimulus to technology innovation and adoption. Optimally, these interfaces would be open: anyone may create products that use the interfaces without paying fees; and a public, transparent process is used to establish and revise the standards that define the interfaces. See Cross-Cutting Themes in the Designing a Digital Future Report. • Everything within Three Mouse Clicks: See the Data, Search the Data, and Download the Data. See FCW Editiorial. • Build a Commons in the Cloud: • What is a Commons (slide 37): • An organized workshop where raw materials can be found and assembled into new things. • An efficient and scalable knowledge creation platform. • Twelve Characteristics of a Commons (slide 39): • http://www.si.edu/commons/prototype Source: Slides 37 and 39.

  27. 2.3 A Best Practice Example:Semantic Interoperability Interfaces With the power of MindTouch DReAM, MindTouch products excel at loading, transforming and re-mixing data from web services, databases and enterprise applications. http://cloud.mindtouch.com/

  28. 2.3 A Best Practice Example:Semantic Interoperability Interfaces http://goto.spotfire.com/g/?SK3YHYAQFI=clicksrc:home

  29. 2.3 A Best Practice Example:Semantic Interoperability Interfaces Key: See next slide. Source: http://semanticommunity.info/Build_SEMIC.EU_in_the_Cloud

  30. 2.3 A Best Practice Example:Semantic Interoperability Interfaces • Key: • http://usa.gov • http://semanticommunity.net • http://semanticommunity.info/2010_Annual_Statistical_Abstract • http://semanticommunity.info/EPA/EPA_Ontology • No longer operational – see http://www.sdi.gov • The Open Group Architecture Framework - http://pubs.opengroup.org/architecture/togaf9-doc/arch/index.html • http://eaprincipals.com/index.htm • http://semanticommunity.info/Build_TOGAF_in_the_Cloud • http://semanticommunity.info/Build_TOGAF_in_the_Cloud#Alternative_enterprise_architecture_frameworks • Semantic Interoperability Centre Europe • http://www.semic.eu/ • http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat • http://eea.europa.eu • http://semanticommunity.info/Data.gov/An_Open_Data_Public_Dataset_Catalogs_Faceted_Browser http://semanticommunity.info/Build_SEMIC.EU_in_the_Cloud

  31. 2.3 A Best Practice Example:Semantic Interoperability Interfaces Web Player

  32. 3. SICoP • U.S. President George W. Bush’s CIO, Carlos Solari, said to the CIO Council’s Best Practice Committee we need to use public-private partnerships to foster greater collaboration in getting the government’s work done. • U.S. CIO Council Vice-Chair and Best Practices Committee Co-Chair, David Wennergren, said we should have a community of practice for semantic interoperability that demonstrates this can work. • My SICoP Co-Chair Rick Morris said to me that we first need to build the CoP before we do the actual work. • After we had built a sense of community and trust for the first 6 months, SICoP was able to race ahead with writing white papers, organizing meeting and conferences and doing many pilots. • My SICoP Co-Chair Rick Morris retired from the U.S. Federal Government and I obtained permission to appoint a non-government Co-Chair, Mills Davis, who considerable expertise and experience in working with the private sector semantic technology community. • After 5 years we graduated SICoP to the Semantic Community at the 2008 SemTech Conference to deliver new value to the community in the form of a Community Sandbox Web Site and Deki Wiki and most recently a new MindTouch Technical Communication Suite, Spotfire for Data Science, and other tools.

  33. 3. SICoP We preserved everything for those that followed. http://semanticommunity.info/Federal_Semantic_Interoperability_Community_of_Practice

  34. 3. SICoP We fostered Jump Start Kits. Web Link

  35. 3. SICoP We provided a Community Sandbox Web Page and 40 Deki Wikis. http://semanticommunity.net/

  36. 4. Semantic Community • Mills Davis and I are restarting the Semantic Interoperability Community of Practice (by popular demand) and are working on a series of meetings/workshops in 2011 in collaboration with a numbers of groups and individuals based on three things: • 1. MappingU.S. Federal CIO VivekKundra's 25 point plan to CoPs and individuals, • 2. The new OASIS Technical Committee on Transformational Government, and • 3. Our very successful SICoP meeting in 2009. • Please see From E-Government to Transformational Government Wiki Page and Slides. Knowledge-Centric Paradigm: A New World of IT Solutions (Slides) (Slides). • The ideas we would like to explore with you include how best we might: • Harvest and package content from the sorts of meetings & demonstrations we are planning for dissemination through media channels -- publications, digital, events, etc. • Collaborate together to develop and conduct a series of educational events that would reach the right audiences as well as benefit all parties involved. • Cloud Computing for and with Linked Open Data Visualizations : • My Bottom Line: Do the “5 stars” and “linked data cloud” in MindTouch, Spotfire and the Concept-Map Ontology Environment with the Data Science approach.

  37. 4. Semantic Community http://semanticommunity.info/#Data_Science_Products

  38. 4. Semantic Community • Use the Open Data Public Datasets Catalog Faceted Browser as an Example: • Community of Practice: We now generally agree on the need for data catalogs (93 by recent count). • Mediation – Ontological Engineering: There is a growing feeling that some harmonization is needed for data integration. • Standardization: Harmonization would require solving the “semantic interoperability” problem at the catalog data element level.

  39. 4. Semantic Community http://datos.fundacionctic.org/sandbox/catalog/faceted/

  40. 4. Semantic Community http://semanticommunity.info/Data.gov/An_Open_Data_Public_Dataset_Catalogs_Faceted_Browser

  41. 4. Semantic Community Europe has about 30 Data Catalogues. Web Player

  42. 4. Semantic Community MY COMMENT: A good wiki provides most if not all of these! http://semanticommunity.info/Build_SEMIC.EU_in_the_Cloud#ADMS_Questionnaire_No._2

  43. 5. Knowledge-Centric Systems in the Cloud Be Informed: Knowledge-centric business process platform for proposal development, project management, collaborative knowledge work, and knowledge-driven solutions. Selected customers and partners: • Formed in 2006 • Result of long-running university and public sector R&D projects • Privately owned, ~180 people • 5 year 70% compound annual growth rate • Gartner cool vendor in business process management

  44. 5. Knowledge-Centric Systems in the Cloud:Knowledge technology driven business process platform – 1 of 3

  45. 5. Knowledge-Centric Systems in the Cloud:Knowledge technology driven business process platform – 2 of 3

  46. 5. Knowledge-Centric Systems in the Cloud:Knowledge technology driven business process platform – 3 of 3

  47. 5. Knowledge-Centric Systems in the Cloud: Case examples—smart knowledge-driven citizen-centric services • CHALLENGE • Permitting site synthesizes requirements, processes, and information across multiple jurisdictions and 14 independent institutions into a unified user experience. • Immigration site helps new arrivals solve varied problems of relocation. It combines information, and decision logic from 12 agencies into an easy to use single point of service delivery. • SOLUTION • Knowledge-centric solution separates the knowfrom the flow and thefunction to create declarative applications configured by users with semantic models of legislation, knowledge, processes, data, and UI. The core infrastructure consists of an ontology, which is enriched with business rules. All functions use the same ontology, e.g., semantic search, information access, automated decision making, decision support, and dynamic processes. • BENEFITS • “Open knowledge as a service” bridges the gap between government and citizens and facilitates effective cooperation between independent institutions – both public and private. • Provides automated decisions and decision support; means for agencies to manage their knowledge / rules; ability to quickly adapt to external events / implement new legislation; improved decision making, guaranteed compliancy, less errors; improved service delivery to the public; and substantial cost reductions. Source: OSD (Readiness) Source: BeInformed

  48. 5. Knowledge-Centric Systems in the Cloud:Be Informed case examples (1 of 2) EnvironmentalLicensing Situation Create single point of contact for environmental licensing. Reduce administrative burden and improve service. Rationalize 52 different types of licenses, 1600 procedures, and 600 authorities. Business Benefits • Reduction in red tape: single applicationandone procedure • Operationalcostreduction: 96 million euro in year 1 • Pan-European Insurance Company • Situation • Lacking expert knowledge in operating countries, leading to risk of bad underwriting. High operational costs because of tedious manual processes • Business Benefits • Any underwriter can advise customers: reducing claim risks automated bidding and acceptance (7X24). Co-insurance between operating units: risks are evenly divided over larger and smaller operating units

  49. 5. Knowledge-Centric Systems in the Cloud:Be Informed Case Examples (2 of 2) European MaritimeSafety Situation Assist the European Commissionand Member States in the proper developmentandimplementation of EU legislation on maritimesafety Business Benefits • Real-time monitoring of 22,000 ships in European coastal waters • Single point of contact forallqueries on maritimeactivities, incl. routing, trade, safety, illegalimmigration, terrorism, environmental Immigration office (IND) Situation IND had major problems in adapting to the frequent changes in legislation and workload, resulting in errors and delays. Business Benefits INDiGO • implementation of new regulations from 9 months to 2-3 days • 165 business processes to 1 generic process • business users fully in control (IT department outsourced) • substantial reduction in labor (20%) while improving customer service

  50. 5. Knowledge-Centric Systems in the Cloud: Be Informed Web Interface Screen Captures from Short Video

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