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Cellular Energy (Ch. 5)

Cellular Energy (Ch. 5). Chloroplasts. Mitochondria. Part 1: Basic Energy Concepts. Potential Energy- stored energy Kinetic Energy- energy of motion First Law of Thermodynamics Energy cannot be created or destroyed. B. A. Quick Review of Cell Concepts.

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Cellular Energy (Ch. 5)

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  1. Cellular Energy(Ch. 5) Chloroplasts Mitochondria

  2. Part 1: Basic Energy Concepts • Potential Energy- stored energy • Kinetic Energy- energy of motion • First Law of Thermodynamics • Energy cannot be created or destroyed B A

  3. Quick Review of Cell Concepts • What are the 4 major molecules of life? • Protein • Lipid • Nucleic Acid • Carbohydrates- use?? • What cellular structures make energy? • Mitochondria • Chloroplasts

  4. Part II Mitochondria • Powerhouse of the cell- makes ATP (energy) • Makes ATP through Cellular respiration C6H12O6 + 6 O2 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + energy (ATP) Glucose + Oxygen  carbon dioxide + water + ATP

  5. Part II Chloroplasts • Perform photosynthesis 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + energy  C6H12O6 + 6 O2 Carbon + Water + Sunlight Glucose + Dioxide Oxygen

  6. Part II Important Concepts • Your cells do cellular respiration and have mitochondria! • This is a reason why…. • You need to eat and breathe oxygen,

  7. Important Concepts • Plant cells have mitochondria too! • The amount of mitochondria in plant cells is much smaller than that of animal cells • Plant cells have chloroplasts • Photosynthesis is the reverse of cellular resp. • In other words chloroplasts make the products for cell respiration to start. • Cell resp. makes the products for photosynthesis to start.

  8. It’s all Circular!!!! Cell Respiration C6H12O6 + 6 O2 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + energy (ATP) Photosynthesis 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + energyC6H12O6 + 6 O2

  9. Part III: Energy in Autotrophs • Autotrophs- organisms that make their own energy (usually from the sun) • These organisms do photosynthesis 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + energy  C6H12O6 + 6 O2 Examples of Autotrophs…

  10. Part III: Energy in Autotrophs • For photosynthesis to work, autotrophs must take in and absorb sunlight • Pigments- molecules that absorb light • Each pigment absorbs a different wavelength of light • Reason why different pigments are different colors • Chlorophyll- green (doesn’t absorb green wavelength) • Cartenoids- yellow/orange

  11. ROY G BIV Red: Low frequency Low Energy Violet: High Frequency High Energy

  12. Part IV: Energy in Heterotrophs • Heterotrophs: must consume organisms to get energy • Food is Potential Energy (stored in chem bonds) • Calorie- units that measure the amount of energy in food (1 cal = heat to raise 1 g of water 1 deg. C) • This stored energy in food is used to make ATP

  13. Part V: ATP • ATP: Adenosine Triphosphate • Function: Energy for cell • Structure: • The two phosphate groups have a negative charge and want to repel each other. This bond releases a lot of energy when broken

  14. Part V: ATP • Why use ATP? • Too much energy in a carbohydrate to be used efficiently

  15. Part V: ATP • Making ATP- (All food is made into ATP) • 1) Phosphocreatine- enzyme that add P to ADP to make 1 ATP • Quick energy • Anaerobic (no oxygen needed) • Occurs in cytoplasm

  16. Part V: ATP • Making ATP • 2) Glycolysis and fermentation-partially breaking down glucose to make 2 ATP • Short term energy • Anaerobic • Occurs in cytoplasm • Types • Humans: Lactic Acid Fermentation • Yeast: Alcoholic Fermentation • Bread • Alcoholic Bevs

  17. Part V: ATP • Making ATP • 3) Cellular Respiration- complete break down of glucose into 36 ATP C6H12O6 + 6 O2 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + 36 ATP • Long term energy • Aerobic (need oxygen) • Occurs in mitochondria • Can use carbs, fats, proteins as fuel

  18. Part VI: Diet and Exercise • Metabolism- total of all chemical reactions in the body • More active a person is the higher their metabolism • Does your metabolism slow down? • How do you lose weight through diets? • What about those low carb diets?

  19. Energy (ATP) Circular Movement Active Transport Production of fats, Proteins, sugars Breakdown of Food Waste Products ADP +Pi

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