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Towards A Scintillating (Semi)-Digital Hadron Calorimeter: Progress at NIU/NICADD Jerry Blazey

Towards A Scintillating (Semi)-Digital Hadron Calorimeter: Progress at NIU/NICADD Jerry Blazey Northern Illinois University. LC Activities at NIU/NICADD. Scintillator (Semi-)Digital Hadron Calorimeter Simulation and Hardware Studies – This Talk

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Towards A Scintillating (Semi)-Digital Hadron Calorimeter: Progress at NIU/NICADD Jerry Blazey

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  1. Towards A Scintillating (Semi)-Digital Hadron Calorimeter: Progress at NIU/NICADD Jerry Blazey Northern Illinois University Jerry Blazey NIU/NICADD

  2. LC Activities at NIU/NICADD • Scintillator (Semi-)Digital Hadron Calorimeter Simulation and Hardware Studies – This Talk • Test Beam Plans for Scintillator Hadron Calorimeter & Tail-catcher – Vishnu Zutshi – This Session • G4-based Simulation Status & Plans – Guilherme Lima – Session 7 Friday 8:30 • Muon Simulation Development & Status – Arthur Maciel – Muon/PID Session Wednesday 1:00 Jerry Blazey NIU/NICADD

  3. “Generic” Calorimeter Simulations • First Design & Prototype & Results on Sensitivity and Threshold • Optimization of Unit Cells • Light Sensor Investigations Jerry Blazey NIU/NICADD

  4. A Generic Calorimeter:Number of Cells vs. Pion Energy 0.25mip threshold # of Cells 100 20 E For a 0.25 mip threshold # cells monotonically increasing with energy for a wide range of cell sizes. Jerry Blazey NIU/NICADD

  5. Digital vs. Analog Hits 10,50 GeV p Energy 10,50 GeV p Hits ECAL E ECAL Hits HCAL E HCAL Very similar correlations exist for hits or energy Between the EMCAL and HCAL Jerry Blazey NIU/NICADD

  6. Single Particle Energy Resolution • Minimize (Eo-S(aiLi))2 • ai calculated for 10 GeV & applied to all E which is conservative • i=2 for EMCAL & HCAL, also conservative Jerry Blazey NIU/NICADD

  7. Single Particle Energy Resolution Non-projective geometry s/E 0.1 20 E For lower energy particles digital approach has superior resolution! Jerry Blazey NIU/NICADD

  8. (s/E)dig (s/E)analog Resolution as a Function ofMultiple Thresholds or Bits 2 1 E * As in the previous slide, below 20 GeV digital resolution superior to analog. * At all energies, more bits superior. So it works for single particles how about jets? Jerry Blazey NIU/NICADD

  9. Toy Simulation: “Recipe” for a Jet • Determine resolution independent of algorithm • For ZZ events PT order stable MC particles, ignore n’s • For charged hadrons assume perfect energy (from tracker) • Smear the energy of other particles • For neutral hadrons use resolutions for charge pions (just discussed). • For photons use s ~ 17%/sqrt(E) • Start with highest pT particle and cluster in 0.7 cone • Repeat for remaining particles • Add individual energies to get jet energy Jerry Blazey NIU/NICADD

  10. ZZ Events: Sanity Checks Neutral hadron fraction Stable MC particles g fraction Energy Fractions Jerry Blazey NIU/NICADD

  11. Jet E Resolution 0.04 s/E 0.01 rms used Jet E(GeV) So the idea holds water: At all energies 3x3 single threshold resolution comparable to analog! Jerry Blazey NIU/NICADD

  12. Using full E-flow: Jet Erec/Egen Calorimeter only Eflow s = 0.25 s = 0.16 ~60% better (Vishnu Zutshi, ECFA-DESY Workshop, 1/4/2004 http://nicadd.niu.edu, presentation 0046) Jerry Blazey NIU/NICADD

  13. Full Eflow: Jet Erec/Egen Eflow digital (2cm2 cells) Eflow analog s = 0.17 s = 0.16 Digital approach not yet optimized but performance comparable to analog! Jerry Blazey NIU/NICADD

  14. Hardware Prototypes:Stack, Layer, & Unit Cell Clear Fiber MPTM Jerry Blazey NIU/NICADD

  15. Cosmic Data with PMT Readout ~11 p.e. peak = 1MIP Jerry Blazey NIU/NICADD

  16. 0.25 MIP threshold: efficient, quiet Jerry Blazey NIU/NICADD

  17. Cell Response Uniformity & Dispersion Cell-to-cell ~ 7% Uniformity ~ 3% Jerry Blazey NIU/NICADD

  18. Fiber Response Dominates: Dispersion ~ 6% Jerry Blazey NIU/NICADD

  19. Other Uniformity Measurements Jerry Blazey NIU/NICADD

  20. Relative Response Measurements Since light ample, can optimize for ease of construction Jerry Blazey NIU/NICADD

  21. Surface Treatment/Wrapping Paint easy, little light loss Jerry Blazey NIU/NICADD

  22. Miscellaneous Measurements:area, goove type, profile, source, glues, fibers 1mm round Kurray NICADD scintillator 0.8 mm square Bicron Can tune light yield with fiber type. Jerry Blazey NIU/NICADD

  23. NICADD Extruder @ Fermilab Jerry Blazey NIU/NICADD

  24. 3mm 4mm 5 mm Thickness Tolerance: 2-3%Response Depends weakly on Thickness: ~20%/mm Thickness not an issue Jerry Blazey NIU/NICADD

  25. Optimum Cell • Hexagonal or Square • 4 - 9 cm2 • Straight Groove • High efficiency fiber • Glued Fiber and Painted Surface • Extruded (cut costs) @ 5mm But a bigger question is the light sensor: PMTs costly, bulky we have been investigating APDs, MRS, Si-PM… My current guess… Jerry Blazey NIU/NICADD

  26. Hamamatsu Avalanche Photo-Diodes Jerry Blazey NIU/NICADD

  27. Cosmic MIP with Avalanche Photo-Diode Hamamatsu S8550 Jerry Blazey NIU/NICADD

  28. MetallicResistiveSensors Jerry Blazey NIU/NICADD

  29. Cosmics with MRS Jerry Blazey NIU/NICADD

  30. Si-PM’s (mounted on cell?) Jerry Blazey NIU/NICADD

  31. Cosmic Data with Si-PM Number of P.E. Comparable to PMT Jerry Blazey NIU/NICADD

  32. Tabulated Studies/Specs * B. Dolgoshein An Advanced Study of Silicon PM ICFA IB 2002 **A. Bross et all. Fermilab FN 0733 2003 *** Rykalin V. NICADD presentation http://nicadd.niu.edu 2002 Believe <$10/unit in bulk for SiPM Jerry Blazey NIU/NICADD

  33. Scintillator DHC Conclusions • Simulations indicate approach competitive with analog approach • Prototypes indicate there is sufficient sensitivity (light x efficiency) & uniformity. • Now optimizing materials & construction to minimize cost with required sensitivity • SiPM and MRS look very promising All-in-all looks like a very competitive option…. We’ll be moving towards the next prototype Jerry Blazey NIU/NICADD

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