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APAcage Some pointers to common pitfalls Hans Hummel, March 1, 2007 (Ch. 1.12-1.17)

APAcage Some pointers to common pitfalls Hans Hummel, March 1, 2007 (Ch. 1.12-1.17). Main source (‘bible’) Publication manual of the American Psychological Association (fifth edition, 2001). Sample paper  pp. 306-320. Latest info: www.apastyle.org. Some prejudices.

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APAcage Some pointers to common pitfalls Hans Hummel, March 1, 2007 (Ch. 1.12-1.17)

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  1. APAcageSome pointers to common pitfallsHans Hummel, March 1, 2007 (Ch. 1.12-1.17)

  2. Main source (‘bible’)Publication manual of the American Psychological Association (fifth edition, 2001) Sample paper  pp. 306-320 Latest info: www.apastyle.org

  3. Some prejudices • APA format is old and no longer functional • APA style does not apply to ALT journals • APA is a straitjacket • APA can be left to editors • …. exercise in conciseness and consistency!

  4. Will NOT be addressed • Expressing ideas, line of reasoning  Marcus • Organisation of the method & article  Peter • Integration to EndNote / RefMan  Tim S • (Re)writing the article  handout emp. article • The (re)submission & reviewing process • All other frustrations & challenges

  5. Will be addressed • Some ‘mechanical aspects’ of APA style: punctuation, capitalization, italics, headings, citations, …(Ch 3): just briefly • Reference list (Ch 4): most important examples • Manuscript preparation (Ch 5): just briefly

  6. APA style: nitpicking • Punctuation: Period (.); comma (,); semicolon (;); colon (:); dash (-); quotation marks (“); parentheses (()); brackets ([]); slash (/); etc • Preferred spelling: UK vs US (behaviour / behavior, modelling / modeling, capitalization / capitalisation); follow-up (noun, adjective) vs followup (noun)(hyphenation); etc • Capitalization: all title words in text, but not in reference list • Quotations: block (>40 words); double / single quotation marks; author, specific page(s)

  7. EXPERIMENT 1: AN INTERVIEWVALIDATION STUDY (level 5) External validation (level 4) Method(level 3)Participants(level 2)Sleep-deprived group.(level 1) APA style: levels of heading One level  level 1 Two levels  levels 1, 3 Three levels  levels 1, 3, 4 Four levels  levels 1, 2, 3, 4

  8. APA style: tables and figures Table 1 Analysis of Variance for Classical Conditioning [table] but … [figure] Figure 1. Sample line graph. List figure captions on separate page

  9. APA style: Reference citations in text • Number of authors One: Drachsler (2007) compared completion scores of … , or: In a recent study on completion (Drachsler, 2007) it was found that … Two: Allways cite both names and the year. Note missing comma: (Drachsler & Hummel, 2007) Three-Five: Cite all authors first time, in subsequent citations include only surname of first author followed by et al. and the year if it is the first citation within a paragraph. Note the comma: (Drachsler, Hummel, & Koper, 2007) Six or more: cite only surname of first author followed by et al. and the year • Cite as many names as needed to distinguish • Special cases: groups of authors, same surnames, within same parentheses, classical works, …. • Beware of alphabetical and chronological order

  10. Reference list (1) • Journal paper (periodical) Koper, E. J. R., Pannekeet, K., Hendriks, M., & Hummel, H. G. K. (2004). Building communities for the exchange of learning objects: theoretical foundations and requirements. ALT-J Research in Learning Technology, 12(1), 21-35. Note: only capitalise first word in title, capitalise all words in journal, only use issue number when each issues start renumbering! Note status: published (above), accepted (in press), or submitted Manuscript submitted for publication. • Book (chapter) (nonperiodical) Van Rosmalen, P., & Boticario, J. (2005). Using Learning Design to support design- and runtime adaptation. In R. Koper & C.Tattersall (Eds.), Learning Design: a handbook on modeling and delivering networked education and training (pp. 51-84). Heidelberg, Germany: Springer Verlag. Note: use comma and ampersand with two authors

  11. Reference list (2) • Online paper (periodical, Internet-only) Hummel, H. G. K. (2006, December 19). Feedback model to support designers of blended learning courses. International Review of Open and Distance Learning, 7(3). Retrieved March 1, 2007, from http://www.irrodl.org/index.php/irrodl/article/view/379/748 • Internet paper (periodical, based on print source) Hummel, H. G. K. (2006). Feedback model to support designers of blended learning courses [Electronic version]. International Review of Open and Distance Learning, 7,117-123. Retrieved March 1, 2007, from http://www.irrodl.org/index.php/irrodl/article/view/379/748 • Nonperiodical documents on the Internet IMS-LD (2003). IMS Learning Design specification. Retrieved February 27th, 2004, from http://www.imsglobal.org/learningdesign/index.cfm

  12. Reference list (2) • Online paper (periodical, Internet-only) Hummel, H. G. K. (2006, December 19). Feedback model to support designers of blended learning courses. International Review of Open and Distance Learning, 7(3). Retrieved March 1, 2007, from http://www.irrodl.org/index.php/irrodl/article/view/379/748 • Internet paper (periodical, based on print source) Hummel, H. G. K. (2006). Feedback model to support designers of blended learning courses [Electronic version]. International Review of Open and Distance Learning, 7,117-123. Retrieved March 1, 2007, from http://www.irrodl.org/index.php/irrodl/article/view/379/748 • Nonperiodical documents on the Internet IMS-LD (2003). IMS Learning Design specification. Retrieved February 27th, 2004, from http://www.imsglobal.org/learningdesign/index.cfm

  13. Reference list (3) • Conference paper (published regularly) Hummel, H. G. K., Tattersall, C, Burgos, D., Brouns, F. M. R., Kurvers, H. J., & Koper, E. J. R. (2006). Fostering participation in learning networks by using reward systems and face-to-face meetings. Proceedings of the ICALT 2006 Conference, Kerkrade, The Netherlands, 5-7 July 2006 (pp. 534-536). Note: names of editors and information retrieval information are not compulsory • Conference paper (non-published, irregular) Verpoorten, D., Poumay, M., & Leclercq, D. (2006). The 8 Learning Events Model: a Pedagogic Conceptual Tool Supporting Diversification of Learning Methods. Paper presented at the International Workshop on Learning Networks for Lifelong Competence Development. 30-31 March 2006, Sofia, Bulgaria: TENCompetence. Retrieved August 28, 2006, from http://hdl.handle.net/1820/674 • Contribution to a conference (keynote, presentation, non-published) Verpoorten, D., Poumay, M., & Leclercq, D. (2006). The 8 Learning Events Model: a Pedagogic Conceptual Tool Supporting Diversification of Learning Methods. Presentation at the International Workshop in Learning Networks for Lifelong Competence Development. 30-31 March 2006, Sofia, Bulgaria: TENCompetence. Retrieved August 28, 2006, from http://hdl.handle.net/1820/674

  14. Reference list (3) • Conference paper (published regularly) Hummel, H. G. K., Tattersall, C, Burgos, D., Brouns, F. M. R., Kurvers, H. J., & Koper, E. J. R. (2006). Fostering participation in learning networks by using reward systems and face-to-face meetings. Proceedings of the ICALT 2006 Conference, Kerkrade, The Netherlands, 5-7 July 2006 (pp. 534-536). Note: names of editors and information retrieval information are not compulsory • Conference paper (non-published, irregular) Verpoorten, D., Poumay, M., & Leclercq, D. (2006). The 8 Learning Events Model: a Pedagogic Conceptual Tool Supporting Diversification of Learning Methods. Paper presented at the International Workshop on Learning Networks for Lifelong Competence Development. 30-31 March 2006, Sofia, Bulgaria: TENCompetence. Retrieved August 28, 2006, from http://hdl.handle.net/1820/674 • Contribution to a conference (keynote, presentation, non-published) Verpoorten, D., Poumay, M., & Leclercq, D. (2006). The 8 Learning Events Model: a Pedagogic Conceptual Tool Supporting Diversification of Learning Methods. Presentation at the International Workshop in Learning Networks for Lifelong Competence Development. 30-31 March 2006, Sofia, Bulgaria: TENCompetence. Retrieved August 28, 2006, from http://hdl.handle.net/1820/674

  15. Reference list (4) • Non-English journal articles Intensitätsabhängigkeit evozierter Potenzial im EEG: Sind impulsive Personen Augmenter oder Reducer? [Intensity dependence in event-related EEG potentials: Are impulsive individuals augmenters or reducers?]. Zeitschrift für Differentielle und Diagnostische Psychologie, 21, 208-217. • Software Vogten, H., Martens, H. (2005). CopperCore (version 1.2) [Computer software]. Heerlen, The Netherlands: Open Universiteit Nederland. • All other references (theses, reports, reviews, monographs, …)  95 types (APA manual, pp 240-281)

  16. Manuscript preparation • 12 point courier, double spaced, 1 inch margins • Order: title page with running head; abstract (separate page); text; references; appendices; author note; tables; figure captions; figures • Indent first line of every paragraph (except abstract) • Electronical vs hardcopy submissions • Anonymisation (exclude author info) • Cover letter

  17. Finally Look for (good) worked out examples Use an APA template This presentation can be found in dspace

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