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Zoology

Zoology. Mrs. Lindsay Hall First Semester. Chapter 1. What is Zoology? Zoology is the study of animals. It has many sub disciplines and is a very broad field. Think of how many animals there are out there. Sub disciplines. Anatomy- Study of structure and parts

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Zoology

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  1. Zoology Mrs. Lindsay Hall First Semester

  2. Chapter 1 • What is Zoology? • Zoology is the study of animals. It has many sub disciplines and is a very broad field. • Think of how many animals there are out there.

  3. Sub disciplines • Anatomy- Study of structure and parts • Cytology- Study of structure and function of cells. • Ecology-Study of interactions of organism with its environment. • Embryology- Study of development of an organism • Genetics- Study of transmission of traits from parents to offspring. • Histology- Study of tissues • Molecular biology- Study of subcellular details.

  4. Continued • Parasitology- Study of animals that live in or on organisms. • Physiology- Study of the function of animals and their parts • Systematics- Study of classification of, and evolutionary interrelationships among animal groups.

  5. Evolutionary Process • Organic evolution? • It is the change in the genetic makeup of populations of organisms over time. • It is the source of animal diversity. • What is diversity? How does diversity in animal groups relate to human diversity?

  6. Lets think of some ways that animals have evolved over the years. • Group activity

  7. Animal classification and evolutionary relationships • Evolution explains why animals appear and why they have a certain function. • It also explains family relationships in animal groups. • Groups of individuals are more closely related if they share more genetic material or DNA.

  8. Non native species

  9. Africanized Honey Bees (AHB) -- also called Africanized bees or killer bees -- are descendants of southern African bees imported in 1956 by Brazilian scientists attempting to breed a honey bee better adapted to the South American tropics.

  10. When some of these bees escaped quarantine in 1957, they began breeding with local Brazilian honey bees, quickly multiplying and extended their range throughout South and Central America at a rate greater than 200 miles per year. In the past decade, AHB began invading North America.

  11. Africanized bees acquired the name killer bees because they will viciously attack people and animals who unwittingly stray into their territory, often resulting in serious injury or death. • It is not necessary to disturb the hive itself to initiate an AHB attack. In fact, Africanized bees have been know to respond viciously to mundane occurrences, including noises or even vibrations from vehicles, equipment and pedestrians.

  12. Though their venom is no more potent than native honey bees, Africanized bees attack in far greater numbers and pursue perceived enemies for greater distances. Once disturbed, colonies may remain agitated for 24 hours, attacking people and animals within a range of a quarter mile from the hive.

  13. In May of 1991, Jesus Diaz became the first person to be attacked by AHB in the U.S. while mowing a lawn in the border city of Brownsville, Texas. Diaz suffered 18 stings and was treated at a local hospital

  14. On July 15, 1993, 82-year-old Lino Lopez became the first person to die in the U.S. from Africanized honey bee stings. He was stung more than 40 times while trying to remove a colony from a wall in an abandoned building on his ranch near Harlingen, Texas.

  15. Arizona's first human fatality from Africanized Bees occurred in October, 1993 when 88-year-old Apache Junction woman disturbed a large Africanized honey bee colony in an abandoned building on her property and was stung numerous times.

  16. Are slightly smaller than the European honey bee, but only an expert can tell them apart • Defend their hive more rapidly than the European honey bee • Usually sting in greater numbers • Are less selective about where they nest

  17. Swarm more often than European honey bees • Do not have stronger venom than the European honey bee • Each bee can only sting one time – females die after stinging • Eat nectar and pollen and make honey • Are not native to the U.S.; they came from Africa

  18. Hybrid species • A wolphin is a rare hybrid formed from a cross between a bottlenose dolphin and a false killer whale. There are currently only two in captivity at the Sea Life Park in Hawaii. A wolphin’s size, colour and shape are intermediate between the parent species. The first captive wolphin was Kekaimalu, which shows mixed heritage even in its teeth: bottlenose dolphins have 88, false killer whales have 44 and Kekaimalu has 66!

  19. False killer whale

  20. Beefalo

  21. Could it happen?

  22. Animal pictures

  23. Endangered Species in Alabama • Animals -- 88 • StatusListingEAcornshell, southern (Epioblasma othcaloogensis)T(S/A)Alligator, American (Alligator mississippiensis)TBankclimber, purple (Elliptoideus sloatianus)EBat, gray (Myotis grisescens)EBat, Indiana (Myotis sodalis)EBlossom, turgid (Epioblasma turgidula)EBlossom, yellow (Epioblasma florentina florentina)ECampeloma, slender (Campeloma decampi)ECatspaw (Epioblasma obliquata obliquata)ECavefish, Alabama (Speoplatyrhinus poulsoni)TChub, spotfin Entire (Cyprinella monacha)EClubshell, black (Pleurobema curtum)EClubshell, ovate (Pleurobema perovatum)EClubshell, southern (Pleurobema

  24. decisum)ECombshell, Cumberlandian (Epioblasma brevidens)ECombshell, southern (Epioblasma penita)ECombshell, upland (Epioblasma metastriata)EDarter, boulder (Etheostoma wapiti)TDarter, goldline (Percina aurolineata)TDarter, slackwater (Etheostoma boschungi)TDarter, snail (Percina tanasi)EDarter, watercress (Etheostoma nuchale)TEagle, bald (lower 48 States) (Haliaeetus leucocephalus)TElimia, lacy (Elimia crenatella)EFanshell (Cyprogenia stegaria)THeelsplitter,

  25. watercress (Etheostoma nuchale)TEagle, bald (lower 48 States) (Haliaeetus leucocephalus)TElimia, lacy (Elimia crenatella)EFanshell (Cyprogenia stegaria)THeelsplitter, Alabama (Potamilus inflatus)EKidneyshell, triangular (Ptychobranchus greeni)ELampmussel, Alabama (Lampsilis virescens)ELilliput, pale (Toxolasma cylindrellus)ELioplax, cylindrical (Lioplax cyclostomaformis)EManatee, West Indian (Trichechus manatus)TMoccasinshell, Alabama (Medionidus acutissimus)EMoccasinshell, Coosa (Medionidus parvulus)EMoccasinshell, Gulf (Medionidus penicillatus)EMonkeyface, Cumberland (Quadrula intermedia)EMouse, Alabama beach (Peromyscus polionotus ammobates)EMouse, Perdido Key beach (Peromyscus polionotus trissyllepsis)TMucket, orangenacre (Lampsilis perovalis)EMucket, pink (Lampsilis abrupta)EMussel, oyster (Epioblasma capsaeformis)EPearlymussel, cracking (Hemistena lata)EPearlymussel, dromedary (Dromus dromas)

  26. dromas)EPearlymussel, littlewing (Pegias fabula)EPearlymussel, white wartyback (Plethobasus cicatricosus)EPebblesnail, flat (Lepyrium showalteri)EPigtoe, dark (Pleurobema furvum)EPigtoe, finerayed (Fusconaia cuneolus)EPigtoe, flat (Pleurobema marshalli)EPigtoe, heavy (Pleurobema taitianum)EPigtoe, oval (Pleurobema pyriforme)EPigtoe, rough (Pleurobema plenum)EPigtoe, shiny (Fusconaia cor)EPigtoe, southern (Pleurobema georgianum)EPimpleback, orangefoot (Plethobasus

  27. cooperianus)TPlover, piping (except Great Lakes watershed) (Charadrius melodus)TPocketbook, finelined (Lampsilis altilis)EPocketbook, shinyrayed (Lampsilis subangulata)ERing pink (Obovaria retusa)ERiversnail, Anthony's (Athearnia anthonyi)TRocksnail, painted (Leptoxis taeniata)ERocksnail, plicate (Leptoxis plicata)TRocksnail, round (Leptoxis ampla)TSalamander, flatwoods (Ambystoma cingulatum)TSalamander, Red Hills (Phaeognathus hubrichti)TSculpin, pygmy (Cottus pygmaeus)TSea turtle, green (except where endangered) (Chelonia mydas)ESea turtle, hawksbill (Eretmochelys imbricata)ESea

  28. turtle, loggerhead (Caretta caretta)TShiner, blue (Cyprinella caerulea)EShiner, Cahaba (Notropis cahabae)EShiner, palezone (Notropis albizonatus)EShrimp, Alabama cave (Palaemonias alabamae)TSlabshell, Chipola (Elliptio chipolaensis)ESnail, armored (Pyrgulopsis pachyta)ESnail, tulotoma (Tulotoma magnifica)TSnake, eastern indigo (Drymarchon corais couperi)EStirrupshell (Quadrula stapes)EStork, wood (AL, FL, GA, SC) (Mycteria americana)ESturgeon, Alabama (Scaphirhynchus suttkusi)TSturgeon, Gulf (Acipenser oxyrinchus desotoi)TTortoise, gopher (W of of Mobile/Tombigbee Rs.) (Gopherus polyphemus)ETurtle, Alabama red-belly (Pseudemys alabamensis)TTurtle, flattened musk (species range clarified) (Sternotherus depressus)EWhale, finback (Balaenoptera physalus)EWhale, humpback (Megaptera novaeangliae)EWoodpecker, red-cockaded (Picoides borealis)Plants -- 19

  29. StatusListingTAmphianthus, little (Amphianthus pusillus)TPotato-bean, Price's (Apios priceana)TFern, American hart's-tongue (Asplenium scolopendrium americanum)ELeather flower, Morefield's (Clematis morefieldii)ELeather flower, Alabama (Clematis socialis)EPrairie-clover, leafy (Dalea foliosa)TSunflower, Eggert's (Helianthus eggertii)TBladderpod, lyrate (Lesquerella lyrata)EPondberry (Lindera melissifolia)TButton, Mohr's Barbara (Marshallia mohrii)EHarperella (Ptilimnium nodosum)TWater-plantain, Kral's (Sagittaria secundifolia)EPitcher-plant, green (Sarracenia oreophila)EPitcher-plant, Alabama canebrake (Sarracenia rubra alabamensis)EChaffseed, American (Schwalbea americana)EPinkroot, gentian (Spigelia gentianoides)TFern, Alabama streak-sorus (Thelypteris pilosa alabamensis)ETrillium, relict (Trillium reliquum)EGrass, Tennessee yellow-eyed (Xyris tennesseensis)

  30. Plants -- 19 • StatusListingTAmphianthus, little (Amphianthus pusillus)TPotato-bean, Price's (Apios priceana)TFern, American hart's-tongue (Asplenium scolopendrium americanum)ELeather flower, Morefield's (Clematis morefieldii)ELeather flower, Alabama (Clematis socialis)EPrairie-clover, leafy (Dalea foliosa)TSunflower, Eggert's (Helianthus eggertii)TBladderpod, lyrate (Lesquerella lyrata)EPondberry (Lindera melissifolia)TButton, Mohr's Barbara (Marshallia mohrii)EHarperella (Ptilimnium nodosum)TWater-plantain, Kral's (Sagittaria secundifolia)EPitcher-plant, green (Sarracenia oreophila)EPitcher-plant, Alabama canebrake (Sarracenia rubra alabamensis)EChaffseed, American (Schwalbea americana)EPinkroot, gentian (Spigelia gentianoides)TFern, Alabama streak-sorus (Thelypteris pilosa alabamensis)ETrillium, relict (Trillium reliquum)EGrass, Tennessee yellow-eyed (Xyris tennesseensis)

  31. Mohr's Barbara (Marshallia mohrii)EHarperella (Ptilimnium nodosum)TWater-plantain, Kral's (Sagittaria secundifolia)EPitcher-plant, green (Sarracenia oreophila)EPitcher-plant, Alabama canebrake (Sarracenia rubra alabamensis)EChaffseed, American (Schwalbea americana)EPinkroot, gentian (Spigelia gentianoides)TFern, Alabama streak-sorus (Thelypteris pilosa alabamensis)ETrillium, relict (Trillium reliquum)EGrass, Tennessee yellow-eyed (Xyris tennesseensis)

  32. American (Schwalbea americana)EPinkroot, gentian (Spigelia gentianoides)TFern, Alabama streak-sorus (Thelypteris pilosa alabamensis)ETrillium, relict (Trillium reliquum)EGrass, Tennessee yellow-eyed (Xyris tennesseensis)

  33. Animals are named and classified into a hierarchy of relatedness. • Binomial nomenclature is adopted for animals. • This means every animal is given two names. • EXP. Perissodus microlepis

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