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Volcanism in the Solar System Part 1: Inner Solar System

Volcanism in the Solar System Part 1: Inner Solar System. Justin Filiberto Lunar and Planetary Institute. Plan of Talk. Earth - review Inner Solar System Mercury Venus Moon Mars Outer Solar System Io Enceladus Titan Triton Summarize Volcanoes in the Solar System.

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Volcanism in the Solar System Part 1: Inner Solar System

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  1. Volcanism in the Solar SystemPart 1: Inner Solar System Justin Filiberto Lunar and Planetary Institute

  2. Plan of Talk • Earth - review • Inner Solar System • Mercury • Venus • Moon • Mars • Outer Solar System • Io • Enceladus • Titan • Triton • Summarize Volcanoes in the Solar System

  3. Earth’s Shield Volcanoes

  4. Earth’s Composite/Stratovolcanos

  5. Shield vs. Composite

  6. Earth’s Volcanoes • Cinder Cone • Caldera Complex • Lava Flows • Tuff Ring • And many more…

  7. Mercury Mercury Earth • From Sun (AU) 0.39 1.0 • Mean radius (km) 2434 6371 • Mass (1024kg) 3.30 5.98 • Surface T (K) 340 295 • Gravity (m s-2) 3.7 9.8

  8. Mercury Volcanoes Seen by Messenger Spacecraft more to come…

  9. Mercury

  10. Venus Venus Earth • From Sun (AU) 0.72 1.0 • Mean radius (km) 6052 6371 • Mass (1024kg) 4.87 5.98 • Surface T (K) 735 295 • Gravity (m s-2) 8.9 9.8

  11. Venus Surface Landers: Venera & VEGA

  12. Sapas Mons • 400 km across, 1.5 km tall • Slope ~ 0.5° • Very long flows • What type of Volcano?

  13. JPL Press Image 20x Vertical Exaggeration Unexaggerated … What type of Volcano? Maat Mons

  14. Single Flows, Steep sides Height 1/2 - 1 km. What kind of volcano? What kind of lava? Pancake Domes

  15. Rhyolite? Or merely cold, crystal-rich basalt? What kind of volcano? What kind of lava? Pancake Domes

  16. ? • Low cones in flat lava plains • A few km diam. (5 km for inset) • What type of lava? • What kind of volcano?

  17. Venus vs. Earth

  18. Moon • 1/3 diam of Earth • 1/6 gravity • Dark, low, mare plains.

  19. Mare Plains

  20. Channels

  21. Domes • Gruithuisen domes • 20 km across, 1.2 km tall. Avg ~7° slope; steepest ~20°. • Are these volcanic? • If so, what are they most like on Earth?

  22. Gruithuisen Domes

  23. Mars Mars Earth • From Sun (AU) 1.5 1.0 • Mean radius (km) 3386 6371 • Mass (1024kg) 0.642 5.98 • Surface T (K) 227 295 • Gravity (m s-2) 3.7 9.8

  24. Olympus Mons • 640 x 840 km across • 21 km tall • Avg slope 5° • What kind of volcano? • What kind of lava?

  25. Lava Flows on O.M. 1 <-- - - - - 3 km - - - - -->

  26. Tharsis Tholus • 150 km across • 8 km tall • What kind of volcano? • What kind of lava?

  27. On Syrtis Major, a Shield Volcano • Small Hill • Steep Slope, ~30° • Surrounded by thin lava flows • What is it?

  28. On Syrtis Major, a Shield Volcano • Broken Cinder Cone?

  29. Inner Solar System Summary • What features? • Types of volcanoes? Lava compositions? • Similarities? Differences? Generalities? • What types of volcanoes are common to the Earth only? Why? • What types of volcanoes are common in the inner solar system? • What does this suggest about the cooling histories of the inner planets?

  30. Some questions to ponder • What types of volcanoes are common to the Earth only? Why? • What types of volcanoes are common in the inner solar system but not the outer? Why? • What does this suggest about the cooling histories of the inner planets? Outer planets?

  31. Some questions to ponder • From the volcanoes we have seen which ones would we expect on which planets? • What do they suggest about other planets? • Since most of us do not live near a volcano, how can students connect volcanoes on the Earth and other planets?

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