Chapter One: The Meeting of Cultures

1. Chapter One:The Meeting of Cultures

2. Chapter One:The Meeting of Cultures • America Before Columbus   • The Civilizations of the South • Incan and Aztec Empires  

3. Chapter One:The Meeting of Cultures • America Before Columbus   • The Civilizations of the North • Hunting and Gathering How the Early North Americans Lived

4. Chapter One:The Meeting of Cultures • America Before Columbus   • The Civilizations of the North • Hunting and Gathering • Cahokia Secotan Village, 1585 (Library of Congress)

5. Chapter One:The Meeting of Cultures • America Before Columbus   • The Civilizations of the North • Hunting and Gathering • Cahokia • Gender Relations Iroquois Women

6. Chapter One:The Meeting of Cultures • Europe Looks Westward   • Commerce and Nationalism • European Population Growth Marco Polo Leaves for the Far East

7. Chapter One:The Meeting of Cultures • Europe Looks Westward   • Commerce and Nationalism • European Population Growth • Portuguese Exploration 

8. Chapter One:The Meeting of Cultures • Europe Looks Westward   • Christopher Columbus • Columbus’s First Voyage   “Following the Light of the Sun, we left the Old World.” -Christopher Columbus

9. Chapter One:The Meeting of Cultures • Europe Looks Westward   • Christopher Columbus • Columbus’s First Voyage • Circumnavigation of the Globe   “The church says that the Earth is flat, but I have seen the shadow on the moon and I have more faith in the shadow than in the church.” -Ferdinand Magellan

10. Chapter One:The Meeting of Cultures • Europe Looks Westward   • The Spanish Empire • “Conquistadores”   European Exploration and Conquest, 1492-1583

11. Chapter One:The Meeting of Cultures • Europe Looks Westward   • Northern Outposts • St. Augustine and Santa Fe St. Augustine - Promontory of Florida, 1565(Library of Congress)

12. Chapter One:The Meeting of Cultures • Europe Looks Westward   • Northern Outposts • St. Augustine and Santa Fe • Assimilation and Accommodation

13. Chapter One:The Meeting of Cultures • Europe Looks Westward      • Biological and Cultural Exchanges • Beneficial and Catastrophic Exchanges Spanish America

14. Chapter One:The Meeting of Cultures • Europe Looks Westward      • Biological and Cultural Exchanges • Beneficial and Catastrophic Exchanges • Deliberate Subjugation and Extermination De Soto in North America

15. Chapter One:The Meeting of Cultures • Europe Looks Westward      • Biological and Cultural Exchanges • Beneficial and Catastrophic Exchanges • Deliberate Subjugation and Extermination • New World Crops

16. Chapter One:The Meeting of Cultures • Europe Looks Westward      • Biological and Cultural Exchanges • Beneficial and Catastrophic Exchanges • Deliberate Subjugation and Extermination • New World Crops • Coercive Wage System

17. Chapter One:The Meeting of Cultures • Europe Looks Westward     • Africa and America  • Trade States of West Africa Map of Africa and the Americas(Library of Congress)

18. Chapter One:The Meeting of Cultures • Europe Looks Westward     • Africa and America  • Trade States of West Africa • Matrilineal Societies Map of Africa and the Americas(Library of Congress)

19. Chapter One:The Meeting of Cultures • Europe Looks Westward     • Africa and America  • Trade States of West Africa • Matrilineal Societies • African Slavery Map of Africa and the Americas(Library of Congress)

20. Chapter One:The Meeting of Cultures • Europe Looks Westward     • Africa and America  • Trade States of West Africa • Matrilineal Societies • African Slavery • Slavery and the Slave Trade Map of Africa and the Americas(Library of Congress)

21. Chapter One:The Meeting of Cultures • The Arrival of the English   • Incentives for Colonization • Scarce Land British East India Ship Roster, London, 1766 (Library of Congress)

22. Chapter One:The Meeting of Cultures • The Arrival of the English   • Incentives for Colonization • Scarce Land • Mercantilism British East India Ship Roster, London, 1766 (Library of Congress)

23. Chapter One:The Meeting of Cultures • The Arrival of the English   • Incentives for Colonization • Scarce Land • Mercantilism • Religious Motives for Colonization “Free will does not enable any man to perform good works, unless he is assisted by grace; indeed, the special grace which the elect alone receive through regeneration.” – John Calvin John Calvin(Portrait Gallery)

24. Chapter One:The Meeting of Cultures • The Arrival of the English   • Incentives for Colonization • Scarce Land • Mercantilism • Religious Motives for Colonization • The English Reformation Queen Elizabeth I(Portrait Gallery)

25. Chapter One:The Meeting of Cultures • The Arrival of the English   • Incentives for Colonization • Scarce Land • Mercantilism • Religious Motives for Colonization • The English Reformation • Puritan Separatists

26. Chapter One:The Meeting of Cultures • The Arrival of the English   • Incentives for Colonization • Scarce Land • Mercantilism • Religious Motives for Colonization • The English Reformation • Puritan Separatists • Lessons of Irish Colonization

27. Chapter One:The Meeting of Cultures • The Arrival of the English   • The French and the Dutch in America • Disproportionate French Influence

28. Chapter One:The Meeting of Cultures • The Arrival of the English   • The French and the Dutch in America • Disproportionate French Influence • New Amsterdam New Amsterdam Preacher in Period Dress(Library of Congress)

29. Chapter One:The Meeting of Cultures • The Arrival of the English     • The First English Settlements • The Spanish Armada • Gilbert and Raleigh • Failed Colony of Roanoke

30. Chapter One:The Meeting of Cultures • Debating the Past: The American Population Before Columbus  

31. Chapter One:The Meeting of Cultures • America in the World: The Atlantic Context of Early American History