1 / 82

Understanding Connective Tissue: Structure, Functions, and Cell Types

This chapter delves into the anatomy and physiology of connective tissue, highlighting its three key components: specialized cells, extracellular protein fibers, and ground substance that forms the matrix around cells. We explore the differences between connective tissue and other tissue types, its vital functions such as structural support, transportation, protection, and energy storage. Additionally, we examine various cell types like fibroblasts, macrophages, and adipocytes, as well as the specific fiber types, including collagen, reticular, and elastic fibers.

eitan
Télécharger la présentation

Understanding Connective Tissue: Structure, Functions, and Cell Types

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Connective TissueThe Big Connection! Chapter 4 Anatomy and Physiology Mr. Knowles Liberty Senior High School

  2. All C.T. have Three Parts 1. Specialized Cells 2. Extracellular Protein Fibers 3. The Fibers above and a ground substance - make up the Matrix that surrounds cells. (most of the volume of C.T.)

  3. Differences Between C.T. and other Tissues

  4. In general, C. T. ... • Found throughout the body • Never exposed to outside environment • Many C.T.s are highly vascular and/or have sensory receptors.

  5. Functions of C.T. • Structural framework for body. • Transportation of fluids and materials. • Protection of delicate organs.

  6. Functions of C.T. • Supporting and interconnecting other tissue types. • Store energy reserves (lipids). • Defending the body from pathogens.

  7. 1. The Cells • Fibroblasts- most abundant, present in every C.T. Proper; they secrete polysaccharide and proteins-->ground substance (very viscous); also secrete extracellular fibers. • Macrophages- part of immune system that engulfs pathogens and damaged cells.

  8. Show me a macrophage!

  9. 1. The Cells • Adipocytes- “fat cells”; store lipids in a huge droplet; number may vary from C.T. type. • Mesenchymal Cells- stem cells that can differentiate into fibroblasts and macrophages.

  10. 1. The Cells • Melanocytes- synthesize and store melanin (pigment). • Mast Cells- small mobile cells of immune system; make histamine and heparin. • Lymphocytes- migrating immune cells that produce antibodies.

  11. 2. The Fibers • Collagen Fibers- long, straight, unbranched, fibers of fibrous proteins; rope-like, very flexible, yet strong. (Tendons and Ligaments)

  12. Collagen Fibers

  13. 2. The Fibers • Reticular Fibers- same protein subunits as collagen; branched network of fibers, thinner than collagen; form an interwoven network; resist forces from multiple directions; stabilize organs.

  14. 2. The Fibers • Elastic Fibers- contain the protein elastin as a subunit; branched, thin and wavy fibers; after they stretch they return to original length; (elastic ligaments in vertebrae).

  15. What would happen if a person’s elastic fibers were not properly formed?

  16. Williams’ Syndrome- Abnormal Elastic Fibers

  17. The Mind Traveler: Don’t Be Shy Mr. Sacks Williams’ Syndrome

  18. 3. Ground Substance • Fills the space between cells and fibers. • In C.T. Proper, it is clear andviscous; very thick due to proteoglycans and glycoproteins.(maple syrup)

  19. 3. Ground Substance • Density slows the spread of pathogens. • Ex. Of Deficiency: Marfan’s Syndrome (fibrillin glycoprotein)

  20. Marfan Syndrome- Dominant Mutation • Marfan’s Syndrome- mutation in the fibrillin gene (glycoprotein in connective tissue).

  21. A Marfan’s Sufferer ?

  22. Medical Mysteries: Giants Marfan’s Syndrome

  23. I. C.T. Proper- A. Loose C. T. • Areolar- “packing material” of the body. • Fills spaces between organs, provides cushioning, and supports epithelia. • Open framework with much ground substance to cushion shock.

  24. A. Loose C. T. • Loosely organized fibers- allow distortions. • Elastic fibers- allow resilience • Has extensive circulatory system. (site of injections, epithelia)

  25. Areolar Tissue

  26. 1. Adipose Tissue • Most of volume is adipocytes. • Provide padding, cushions shock, act as insulator, energy storage. • Under skin of buttocks, sides, and breasts, fills bony sockets behind eyes. • Ex. Brown Fat in Infants.

  27. A Bunch of Brown Fat

  28. Adipose Tissue, Low Magnification

  29. Adipose Tissue, High Magnification

  30. Does the Cell Make Me Look Fat? StoredFat Nucleus

  31. 1. Adipose Tissue • Do adipocytes continually divide in adults? • How do we acquire more fat tissue? • Is liposuction a permanent solution? • Answers on p. 124, Martini, 4th Edition

  32. Show me some adipose tissue! Discovery: Body Story Series- Baby (Brown Fat in an Infant) Oprah Video - Adipose from an Autopsy

  33. 2. Reticular Tissue • Composed of reticular fibers. • Create a complex, 3-D network (stroma) that supports the cells of an organ. • In which direction is this C.T. strongest?

  34. Reticular Tissue Reticular Fibers

  35. B. Dense C. T. • Most of the volume is fibers- collagen. • Two Types: • Dense Regular C. T. • Dense Irregular C. T.

  36. 1. Dense Regular C. T. Collagen fibers are parallel (aligned with the forces applied to tissue).

  37. 1. Dense Regular C. T. a.) Tendons-cords that attach bone to skeletal muscle. b.) Ligaments- connect bone to bone. c.) Elastic Tissue-mostly elastic fibers (resilient); around blood vessels and elastic ligaments.

  38. Dense Regular Tissue

  39. Dense Regular Tissue

  40. 2. Dense Irregular C. T. • Form interwoven meshwork. (Function?) • Strength and support. • Skin its strength (cured leather). • Capsule around organs-protection.

  41. Dense Regular - Elastic Tissue

  42. II. Fluid Connective Tissue A. Blood- specialized cells in fluid matrix; has soluble fibers normally! 1. Cells- a. Leukocytes (WBC’s) like neutrophils, eosinophils, lymphocytes-immune cells.

  43. Neutrophil and Eosinophil

More Related