IHEP Strategy for Particle & Astro-particle Physics

1. IHEP Strategy for Particle & Astro-particle Physics Yifang Wang Institute of High Energy Physics April 10, 2014, FCPPL

2. Main Considerations of the Roadmap • Based on existing capabilities with “aggressive” extrapolations: • BEPCII/BESIII, Daya Bay, ASg/ARGO, … • Not able to cover everything, but try to be the first in the world on selected topics • Reasonably aggressive at this rapidly expanding environment in China • The window of opportunities is limited • Competitiveness compared to other field • Taking into account constraints: • Funding • Manpower • Technological capabilities

3. Roadmap • Explore the full potential of BESIII • Continue the flavor physics & QCD studies: PANDA, BELLE II • Precision frontier: flavor changing process  COMET • Continue the reactor neutrino physics: Daya Bay JUNO • Start to explore neutrino-less bb decays: EXO  nEXO • Dark matter searches: Darkside and CsI (Na) R&D • Maintain the possibility for the future: Jinping lab & exp. there • High altitude cosmic-ray physics: ASγ & ARGO  LHAASO • Explore in space: AMS/HXMT  HERD/XTP • Actively involved in the energy frontier: LHC & ILC • Thinking about the future machine in China after BEPCII/BESIII: CEPC+SppC

4. BESIII Data Taking Status & Plan BESIII will continue for the next 8-10 years: Unique in the world

5. Precision Frontier • In addition to BESIII, we will participate BELLE II and PANDA, to continue our flavor physics studies • Super tau-charm factory, which can only be built after 2020, is not the option for the moment: • The scope is not large enough for the IHEP strategy • Physics potential is not clear after BESIII, BELLEII, LHCb and PANDA • One of the most sensitive probe to new physics is through flavor changing process: m eg, t mg, m conversion, J/y  me, mt, … • The most advanced experiment is COMET and Mu2e. We decided to join COMET.

6. COMET and its Future Plan • Search for charged lepton flavor violation via m e conversion • Expected sensitivity of phase I is 310-15, phase II 310-17 • The related technologies, including the target, superconducting magnet and muon beam handling, are applicable to neutrino beams and muon applications at CSNS.

7. Daya Bay: Future plan • Summer(2012) maintenance & calibration completed • Data taking with 8AD in Oct. • Results in three years: D(sin22q13) ~ 3-4% The most precise measurement of sin22q13 in the next decades. Data taking will continue until about 2017

8. Next Step: JUNO for Mass Hierarchy • The only one based on reactor: independent of CP phase Previous site 20 kt LS 60 km JUNO Daya Bay Lufeng Huizhou Daya Bay • Mass hierarchy • Precision mixing parameters • Supernova neutrinos • Geoneutrinos • Sterile neutrinos • … Current site Hong Kong Taishan Yangjiang

9. Double Beta Decays: EXO & nEXO • Without any doubt, double beta-decays is one of the most important physics topics today • The best approach for us is to participate an international project • We have no ideas/capabilities to launch our own experiment now • We decided to join EXO: Enriched Xenon Observatory based on liquid xenon TPC • Current experiment(200 kg) produced highly visible results • 2011, discovered the 2nbb decay process of 136Xe [PRL 107(2011)212501] • 2012, decent limit on 0nbb decay half-life [PRL 109(2012)032505] • Its future plan, nEXO(5t), is very promising • Better extrapolations for background rejection vs Ge crystals • Cost effective • Backup site is Jinping

10. Dark Matter Searches • Participated the Darkside experiment • R&D based on CsI(Na) crystals • Good n/gseparation • High light yield • APrototype to be built at Daya Bay • A 1 ton experiment at Gran Sasso is under discussion Better to be at ~ -100 oC

11. 广角C 阵列 和 簇射芯 探测器 From ASg/ARGO to LHAASO • Site: Sichuan, Altitude ~ 4400 m • Start construction: 2015 ? • International collaboration: China, France, Italy, …

12. Main Scientific Goals Complementary to CTA： • All the time • All the sky • Fast indication • Time-variant sources • Extended sources • More sensitive to high energy γ • Unique in the world: • CR spectra of individual spices over two knees

13. Current Space Program • Hard X-ray modulated telescope (HXMT): • Totalmass：1021kg; Power: 350 W • to be launched in 2015 • Gamma-ray burst polarization (POLAR): • onboard China’s Spacelab: TG-2 • An international collaboration: China, Switzerland, France, Poland • Launch time ~ 2015 • SVOM • Redefined program: On board Chinese spacecraft • A collaboration of China and France • to be launched in 2017-2018 • AMS ME LE HE

14. High Energy cosmic Radiation Detection (HERD) onboard the China’s Space Station • Science • Dark matter search: γ from 0.1 – 10,000 GeV • Spectral and composition measurements of CRs between 300 GeV to PeV • Complementary to LHAASO: directly measured composition & spectrum in space • Status • Mission concept selected • Design concept reviewed • Technical review for mission selection soon • Groups from China，Italy，Switzerland，Sweden,… • Launch in ~2020 (?) PWO or BGO

15. X-ray Timing and Polarization (XTP) satellite Selected for Phase 0/A in 2011, expected launch in 2020. The most sensitive light curve with good energy resolution and polarization at 1-30 keV  from faint X-ray binaries to bright AGNs

16. Energy Frontier: LHC • We have been an active partner of LHC for long time • Contribution is very limited: • Initial scale set in 90’s • Difficulties of the Chinese funding system: projects in competition with other disciplines • We try to change, but unsuccessful in the last several years • We are trying now: a new funding channel for international projects • Goal: • Larger contribution to LHC upgrade • More people on LHC data analysis

17. The International Linear Collider (ILC) • We fully support ILC and would like to participate • Funding requests for ILC R&D have not been successful. Another try this year • A new funding system for international projects, similar to LHC ? • Sufficient funding for people to work on ILC • A significant sharing for the construction • We need to recruit people to work on the ILC physics, accelerator, detector and even theoretical physics

18. CEPC+SppC • For about 8 years, we have been talking about “What can be done after BEPCII in China” • Thanks to the discovery of the low mass Higgs boson, and stimulated by ideas of Circular Higgs Factories in the world, CEPC+SppC configuration was proposed in Sep. 2012 A 50-70 km tunnel is very affordable in China NOW Talk at FCC kick-off meeting: https://indico.cern.ch/event/282344/timetable/#all.detailed

19. Our Thinking • A circular Higgs factory fits our strategic needs in terms of • Science (great & definite physics) • Timing (after BEPCII) • Technological feasibility (experience at BEPC/BEPCII and other machines in the world), • Manpower reality (our hands are free after ~2020) • Economical scale (although slightly too high) • The risk of no-new-physics is complement by a pp collider in the same tunnel • A definite path to the future • A unique position for China to contribute at this moment: • Economical growth  new funding to the community • Large & young population  new blood to the community • Affordable tunnel & infrastructure • If no new project, no new resources  It is a pity if we miss it

20. Usual Questions • Realistic ? • Funding, man power, political issues, technical feasibility, …. • We hope to collaborate with whoever willing to host this machine. Even if the machine is not built in China, the process will help the HEP community • ILC  Complementary • No need to have the Push-pull option • Low energy(up to 250 GeV)@CEPC vs high energy(up to 1 TeV)@ILC • LHC  Complementary • We need to know the Higgs coupling to a great precision • Background, systematics, discovery potential, precision… • Practical issues: too costly ? • BEPCcost/4y/GDP of China in 1984  0.0001 • SSCcost/10y/GDP of US in 1992 0.0001 • LEP cost/8y/GDP of EUin 1984 0.0002 • LHCcost/10y/GDP of EU in 2004  0.0003 • ILCcost/8y/GDP of Japan in 2018  0.0002 • CEPCcost/6y/GDP of China in 2020  0.00005 • SPPCcost/6y/GDP of China in 2036  0.0001 Competition and multiple machines are healthy ingredients of our community

21. Site • Preliminary selected: Qinhuangdao (秦皇岛） • Strong support by the local government

22. Beautiful Place for a Science Center Best beach & cleanest air Summer capital of China Starting point of the Great Wall Wine yard

23. Good Geological Conditions • Base rock type: granite • Base rock depth: 0.5 - 2 m • Seismic intensity: no more than the level 7 (some damage to houses), 0.10g • Earth vibration(RMS, nm): Building the tunnel in granite will have the lowest cost

24. Timeline (dream) • CPEC • Pre-study, R&D and preparation work • Pre-study: 2013-15 • Pre-CDR by the end of 2014 for R&D funding request • R&D: 2016-2020 • Engineering Design: 2015-2020 • Construction: 2021-2027 • Data taking: 2028-2035 • SppC • Pre-study, R&D and preparation work • Pre-study: 2013-2020 • R&D: 2020-2030 • Engineering Design: 2030-2035 • Construction: 2035-2042 • Data taking: 2042 -

25. Summary BESIII construction BESIII physics CEPC+SppC ATLAS & CMS physics ATLAS & CMS construction ILC Daya Bay construction Daya Bay physics JUNO Dark matter experiments ASg & ARGO physics LHAASO HXMT construction HXMT physics XTP AMS construction AMS physics HERD 2010 2020 2015