Ocean Salt

1. Ocean Salt BY: LOUGER JOSEPH AARON ACEVEDO EZEQUIEL SANTIBANEZ CHASE OLSEN ADINA HENRY

2. ABSTRCT!!! • At some point in our lives we will all visit the beach. For many of us, the beach is a place to go with out family to relax on very hot summer days. Or, sail away into the Sun-Set. We might even know someone who is an avid fisher. Someone that spends most of their time fishing in the ocean. But, have you ever stop and think for a moment, what would life be if there was no salt on Earth?? Would the beach we visit on a regular basis smells or looks as pristine as they are without salt? Would the food we eat taste the same?

3. RESEARCH QUESTIONS • But, before we go any further, we would like to take a moment to gain more knowledge on the topic of Salt. For example, what is Sea salt? Where does it comes from? What makes the Oceans salty? Why are Oceans more salty than other bodies of waters? What are some historical facts about Salt? And, is it possible to deplete thequantity of salt existing today?

4. SOME HISTORICAL FACTS ABOUT SALT???? • Sumo wrestlers of Japan throw salt into the ring before a match to purify and sanctify the area and drive away any evil spirits. • Romans built roads specifically for making the transportation of salt more convenient. One road, the Via Salaria, led from Rome to the Adriatic sea, where salt was produced by evaporating sea water, a common method still used today. • THERE'S stories surrounding salt throughout American history. Salt is thought to be a major factor in the outcome of many wars fought on American soil. During the Revolutionary War, the British used Americans who were loyal to the British crown to intercept the rebels' salt supply

5. HISTORICAL FACT 2 • IN the War of 1812, soldiers in the field received salt brine as payment because the government was too poor to pay them with money. IN THE CASE OF Lewis and Clark’s expedition to the West, President Jefferson referred in his address to Congress about a mountain of salt believed to lie near the Missouri River, which would have been of enormous value if the two pioneers could verify the story.

6. HISTORIAL FACT 3 • humans became civilized and moved towards agriculture and the domestication of animals, the demand for salt increased. Besides being valued as a seasoning, THE discovery of the ability of salt to preserve food. freed us from our dependency on seasonal availability of food SO we could now preserve our food. This LET US HAVE possibility for traveling and carrying our food with us.

7. Historical Fact 4 • As common as salt is to our tables, we have come to accept its presence in our lives as ordinary. But in the not-too-distant past, wars were fought over its possession and civilizations rose and fell in pursuit of what came to be called “white gold.”, common rock salt was given to the common people and the highly valued crystal salt

8. Fact 5 • blood consists of mostly salt and a full complement of minerals., early civilizations received the benefits of salt and its included mineral nutrients.

9. Fact 6 • SALT CAN BE FOUND ON THE SURFACE OF ANCIENT EVAPORATED SEABEDS LIKE BONEVILLE SALT FLATS IN UTAH AND IN DEATH VALLEY NATIONAL PARK IN CALIFORNIA. • SALT DIVIDES FROM THE SEA FLOOR AND FROM UNDERWATER VOLCANOS

10. Fact 7 • Sumo wrestlers of Japan throw salt into the ring before a match to purify and sanctify the area and drive away any evil spirits. • Romans built roads specifically for making the transportation of salt more convenient. One road, the Via Salaria, led from Rome to the Adriatic sea, where salt was produced by evaporating sea water, a common method still used today.

11. WHAT MAKES THE OCEAN SO SALTY???????? • water flows in rivers, it picks up small amounts of mineral salts from the rocks and soil of the river beds. This very-slightly salty water flows into the oceans and seas. The water in the oceans only leaves by evaporating (and the freezing of polar ice), but the salt remains dissolved in the ocean - it does not evaporate. So the remaining water gets saltier and saltier as time passes.

12. SALINITY The salinity (salt content) of ocean water varies. The oceans and seas contain roughly 5 x 10 16 tons of salts. One cubic foot of average sea water contains 2.2 pounds of salt. The oceans are about 3.5% salt (by weight). Salinity is generally reported in terms of parts per thousand (abbreviated o/oo), the number of pounds of salt per 1,000 pounds of water; the average ocean salinity is 35 o/oo. The saltiest water is in the Red Sea and in the Persian Gulf, which have a salinity of about 40 o/oo (due to very high evaporation rates and low fresh water influx). The least salty seas are in the polar regions, where both melting polar ice and a lot of rain dilute the salinity.

13. What is Ocean Salt

14. Where does salt in the in the ocean come from??? • Salt in the Ocean comes from the land. The elements that makes up salts, such as chlorine and sodium, started out in rocks. Water and acids eroded the rocks, and rivers carried the elements into the sea. The oceans usually contain 35 parts of salts for every 1000 parts of sea water.

15. This is lower in some places where there is a lot of fresh water coming into the oceans. It is higher where the sun is very strong and evaporates more of the water. When all the water is gone ,the salts are left behind as solids, white crystals. The right amount of salt is a very important part of our diet. In ancient times, salt worth it s weight in gold. People used it to flavor and preserve food .Without salt, the food would spoil. For this reason .Salt became a symbol of purity. Some sacrifices in the old testament included salt.

16. Why is the Ocean so Salty and other bodies of salt are not??? • According to Anne Helmenstine “The ocean is so salty because salt was added to the water at a time when lava and gases were coming out of increase volcanic activity. The carbon dioxide that is found in the water came from the atmosphere from not strong carbon acid which dissolve minerals. When these minerals dissolves it forms ion which makes the water so salty.” Basically the rain from the clouds dissolved the rocks making it run off in to oceans instead of rivers.

17. The reason why the ocean is so salty unlike other bodies of water is because of weathering and erosion. When water evaporates and goes into the clouds it condenses. When there is too much water located in the clouds it precipitates which is just another word for rain. When it rains instead of going directly to lakes, ponds, canals, and rivers it carries the rock in to the ocean in a process called erosion. While the rain carries the rocks to the ocean it breaks down the rock into minerals, this process is called weathering.

18. Is it possible to deplete all the salt from The Ocean??? • It is not possible to deplete Ocean Salt because salt is a mineral found in the lithosphere, the rigid outer most shell of the rocky planet Earth. • Because Sodium Dioxide is a renewable mineral found the rigid outer most shell of our planet, the water cycle, one of Earth's natural phenomenon serves as a vehicle that constantly replenishes Salt or Sodium Dioxide.

19. Weathering is another natural process that replenishes sodium dioxide into the ocean. There are three different kinds of weathering. They are Chemical Weathering, Physical Weathering and Mechanical Weathering. These processes have constantly erodes Earth's lithosphere therefore filtering sodium dioxide from from the Earth into streams, tributaries, and rivers, which eventually ends up into the ocean.

20. To remove Sodium Dioxide from the the Ocean, one will have to completely eradicate this mineral from the lithosphere. Since Sodium Dioxide is a renewable natural resource, as far as we know it, it is impossible to completely remove this mineral from the Earth.