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Group 5 Jan Trojánek Jan Kolář Tomáš Petr

Czech University of Life Sciences Prague Fundamentals of Psychology Ivan Petrovic Pavlov (1849 – 1936). Group 5 Jan Trojánek Jan Kolář Tomáš Petr. Contents. Basic information – I.P.Pavlov Theoretical background Application of theory – different areas Personality Motivation Leadership

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Group 5 Jan Trojánek Jan Kolář Tomáš Petr

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  1. Czech University of Life Sciences PragueFundamentals of PsychologyIvan Petrovic Pavlov(1849 – 1936) Group 5 Jan Trojánek Jan Kolář Tomáš Petr EMN, Msc. 2

  2. Contents • Basic information – I.P.Pavlov • Theoretical background • Application of theory – different areas • Personality • Motivation • Leadership • Intrapersonal skills • Interpersonal skills etc. • Theory criticism • Interactive part • References

  3. I.P.Pavlov • Russian physiologist, psychologist and doctor • Studied digestive processes and connected reflexes • 1904 – Nobel Prize for physiology and medicine • Studied faculty of chemistry and physics -> during studies published a publication about pancreatic nerves • 1890 – described a phenomenon of psychical secretion(drool) in dogs –> 2 types of reflexes (inborn reflex, conditioned reflex)

  4. Behavioral learning theory Classical conditioning = a learning process that occurs through associations between an environmental stimulus and a naturally occurring stimulus • Originators and Key Contributors: First described by I.P. in 1903, and studied in infants by John B. Watson (1878-1958) • Classical conditioning involves placing a neutral signal before a naturally occurring response (reflex)

  5. Basic principles of the process • The Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS) - unconditionally, naturally and automatically triggers a response (feel hungry when you smell favourite food) • The Unconditioned Responses (UCR) - unlearned response that occurs naturally in response to the unconditioned stimulus (feeling of hunger)

  6. Basic principles of the process • The Conditioned Stimulus (CS) - previous neutral stimulus that, after becoming associated with the UCS, eventually trigger a conditioned response • The Conditioned Response (CR) - learned response to previously neutral stimulus

  7. Classical Conditioning • Source: http://www.age-of-the-sage.org/psychology/pavlov.html

  8. Classical Conditioning • Experiments on dogs: Source: http://www.edpsycinteractive.org/topics/behavior/classcnd.html

  9. Pavlov – conditioninghttp://vimeo.com/11619622#http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FMJJpbRx_O8

  10. Personality • Personality is the particular combination of emotional, attitudinal, and behavioral response patterns of an individual.  • People are learning by means of condition reflexes = we are forming our personality as we learn • By conditioning we are adapting Eq.: hot oven -> pain -> alert, fear (high heartbeat…) hot oven = alert, fear (high heartbeat…) • Connected to experience • As we undertake certain situations more often - we learn how to behave (some patern)

  11. Personality • Humans are able to distinguish between effective and ineffective reflexes on certain stimuli • Usually we can not avoid to reflex on them X • BUT we can fight against these ineffective ones afterwards

  12. Personality • EG.: Chocolate in the evening -> mother always sais „Do not eat chocolate in the evening.“ -> feeling guilty • Adult: Eats chocolate in the evening -> feeling guilty • Why? He is adult? He decide? He wanted chocolate. • EG2: Mrs. B. • Socialization, conscience • This example links to dimensionAuthoritativism

  13. Motivation • Employee´s perspective • People act as they are taught • Good performance = fulfilling the task = reward = good feeling • Good performance = fulfilling the task = good feeling • -> they do not need rewards 

  14. Motivation • Manager´s perspective • Either rewarding or punishing employees • If employees are rewarded = satisfied = repeat the action • If they are punished = do not know what to do,just not repeating the action • - in the mind of employee: I did the job -> I am punished -> I will not do another job • Important to punish in correct way 

  15. Intrapersonal skills • How many different conditioned responses do we have? • Does it serve us well? • If they are unconscious, we can not handle them. • One perspective of reflexion • To perceive my conditional resp. (maybe old and useless) • How to change them?

  16. Marketing • EG.: New car, sexy young hot girls love the owner of the car…. • … viewer fells sexual arousal (of course.. There are sexy girls..) • After many repetition • On a way to university, you see that car and…

  17. Interpersonal skills • To create similar responds with employees? • EG.: every time employees meet the boss, they are happy, smiling, want to chat with him… • How to create such conditioned response? • Manipulative?

  18. Risk propensity • People with higher risk propensity will feel more secure when having conditioned reflexes on a lot of stimuli • “Stereotype employees” • Good for certain working positions X • Lower ability to respond to changes • The acknowledgement of one´s conditioned reflexes on certain stimuli is a powerful tool in terms of intrapersonal skills

  19. Usefull tools • Create for yourselve some conditioned response, which helps you. • EG.: before presentation -> stress-> „meditate“ about happy experince -> feel good and presenting • Change into: before presentation -> feel good and presenting • EG2: Email attachement

  20. Criticism • This concept involves only certain input and output but what is in between is according to Pavlov (behaviorism school) not possible to explain • BUT there exist a human personality which influences the whole process (neobehaviourism) INPUT OUTPUT PERSONALITY INPUT OUTPUT

  21. Criticism • The research was made with animals and not humans (personality was omit) • Animals can not decide whether the reflexes are effective or ineffective for them, humans can • Pavlov says that the whole process of learning is based on reflexes but people can think rationally and thus not perceive every stimuli

  22. Test • Try to create a new conditioned reflex of your classmate.

  23. Practical part - video • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Eo7jcI8fAuI

  24. References • http://www.simplypsychology.org/pavlov.html1.11.12 • http://www.learning-theories.com/classical-conditioning-pavlov.html1.11.12 • http://psychology.about.com/od/behavioralpsychology/a/classcond.htm1.11.12 • http://www.allpsychologycareers.com/topics/motivation.html1.11.12 • D. PAUKNEROVÁ a kol., Psychologie pro ekonomy a manažery, Praha, Grada Publishing, 2006, ISBN:80-247-1706-9 • http://www.simplypsychology.org/Classical%20Conditioning.pdf1.11.12

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