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Lecture 8 Psyc 300A

This lecture discusses two main types of observational studies: naturalistic and laboratory. Naturalistic studies emphasize high ecological validity and capture behavior as it occurs naturally but may face challenges like subjective interpretation and numerous influencing factors. Conversely, laboratory studies allow for controlled environments but might lack real-world applicability. Additionally, the lecture covers case studies, surveys, sampling methods, and the importance of valid data collection techniques, highlighting the complexities of research design and data integrity in psychology.

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Lecture 8 Psyc 300A

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  1. Lecture 8Psyc 300A

  2. Observational Studies • Naturalistic vs. Laboratory • Naturalistic has high ecological validity • Often need to code data • Advantages • Study behavior as it naturally unfolds • Disadvantages: • Many influences on behavior • Subjective interpretation

  3. Case Study • Study a single person or group in great depth • Advantage: • Can study complexity of individuals and rare phenomena • Disadvantages: • Don’t generalize well to other groups • Case may be atypical • Subjective interpretation

  4. Survey • Ask for self-reports from respondents • Advantages: • Can get lots of info and compare with results from other studies • Methodological considerations: • Truthful responding • Wording effects • Response options • Sampling

  5. Surveys: Wording Effects “Do you think sexual harassment in the workplace is wrong?” “Should a person be fired for telling an off-color joke at work?” • Closed vs. open-ended questions • Loaded questions • Leading questions

  6. Surveys: Response Options “I believe the sentences for car theft (first offense) should be: a. probation only b. three months in jail c. six months in jail d. one year in prison e. two years in prison,

  7. Surveys: Response Options “I believe the sentences for car theft (first offense) should be: a. six months in jail b. one year in prison c. two years in prison d. five years in prison e. ten years in prison

  8. Likert Scales A particular type of rating scale. Psyc 300A requires too much homework. 1 2 3 4 5 Strongly Strongly Disagree Disagree Neutral Agree Agree

  9. Who Will Be in Your Study? • What is a population? • What is a sample? • What is a representative sample? • Probability vs nonprobability sampling

  10. Probability (Random) Sampling • Simple random sampling • Stratified random sampling • Cluster sampling

  11. Nonprobability Sampling • Convenience sampling • Quota sampling • Snowball sampling

  12. Group Activity: Sampling You want to conduct a survey of psychology students to find out about their occupational preferences. How would you do it using each kind of sampling? • Simple random sampling • Stratified random sampling • Cluster sampling • Convenience sampling • Quota sampling • Snowball sampling

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