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Manifest Destiny

Manifest Destiny. Horace Greeley: “Go West, young man, go west.”. Manifest Destiny. Belief: U. S. was ordained to expand to the Pacific Ocean & into Mexican and Native Amer. territory. Manifest = obvious and inevitable. Also cited the supriority of the American race.

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Manifest Destiny

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  1. Manifest Destiny Horace Greeley: “Go West, young man, go west.”

  2. Manifest Destiny Belief: U. S. was ordained to expand to the Pacific Ocean & into Mexican and Native Amer. territory. Manifest = obvious and inevitable. Also cited the supriority of the American race People went west searching for land.

  3. Manifest Destiny Treaty of Fort Laramie (1851) Native Amer. control of 400-mile-wide slice east of Rockies and from Arkansas River to Can. NA would not attack settlers & let Army build forts for annual payments.

  4. Manifest Destiny Henry Clay: Feared that territorial expansion would reopen the painful controversy over slavery and threaten the stability of the Union

  5. Manifest Destiny Texas Independence Mexican Independence from Spain 1821 Mexican settlers in Texas: Tejanos

  6. Manifest Destiny Texan Independence 1820s—Mexico encouraged American immigration to Texas Hoped to strengthen economy Increase tax revenues Create a buffer from Native Americans American settlers soon out- numbered Tejanos in Texas

  7. Manifest Destiny Who were the people who immigrated to Texas? Much of the available land was suitable for cotton Great majority were southerners, many of whom brought slaves with them.

  8. Manifest Destiny Texan Independence Stephen F. Austin— established a colony of Americans. Each received: 177 acres of farmland 4,428 acres of grazing land 10 year tax exemption

  9. Manifest Destiny Texas Independence Cultural differences arose between Anglos and Mexicans Southerners brought slaves— Mexico outlawed slavery 1829 1830—Mexico closed borders to immigration from U.S. and placed a heavy tax on imported U.S. goods

  10. Manifest Destiny Texas Independence Despite restrictions—more Americans came to Texas 1833—Mexico repealed prohibition of immigration 1835—1000 new U. S. settlers each month. Led to the Texas Revolution

  11. Manifest Destiny Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna Seized power due to instability in Mexico Conservative and autocratic regime Increased powers of national government at expense of state and territorial governments; Affront to Texans

  12. Manifest Destiny Texas Independence Austin unsuccessfully argued withPresident Santa Annafor Texas independence. Texas in revolt Santa Anna marched on San Antonio with 4,000 soldiers

  13. Manifest Destiny Texan Independence Feb. 23-Mar. 6, 1836: siege of the Alamo This here story is sacred to all of us Texans. So please pay attention to my good friend, Mr. Simoncini.

  14. Manifest Destiny Texas Independence Feb. 23-Mar. 6, 1836: siege of the Alamo All 187 defenders (Texans & Tenn. volunteers) and 1,500 Mexicans killed.

  15. Manifest Destiny Texas Independence March 2, 1836—Texas declared independence Late March, Santa Anna executes 445 rebels at Golidad Sam Houston named Texas’ military commander-in-chief

  16. Manifest Destiny Texas Independence April, 1836, Battle of San Jacinto Houston and troops wipe out 630 Mexican troopsin 15 min. and capture Santa Anna Santa Anna released after signingTreaty of Velasco, granting Texas independence

  17. Manifest Destiny Jackson Van Buren Harrison Tyler Feared annexation might cause a dangerous sectional controversy and even a war with Mexico

  18. Manifest Destiny 20 Years of joint occupation

  19. Manifest Destiny Trails West Santa Fe Trail: 780 miles 1821-1848—wagon trains of 100 wagons Oregon Trail: Begun 1836 Marcus & Narcissa Whitman Prairie schooners

  20. Manifest Destiny Trails West Yakima Oregon Trail CA Trail Mormon Trail Nauvoo SLC St. Louis Santa Fe Trail Old Span. Independence Santa Fe Butterfield Overland Mail

  21. Manifest Destiny Trails West Mormon Trail Followed part of Oregon Trail Escaping religious persecution Joseph Smith—founded 1827 Smith murdered Brigham Young new leader Settled edge of Great Salt Lake Selected for its isolation

  22. Manifest Destiny Well I don’t know, pilgrims; but life on the trail was hard. How long did journeys last? My butt hurts! I’m so bored!!! 5-6 months; 12-15 miles a day.

  23. Manifest Destiny My life is sooooo hard! I haven’t shaved in days. Life on the trail was hard.

  24. Manifest Destiny That’s good, ya little nippers. Did many people die on the trail? Dead on the trail

  25. Manifest Destiny I’m NOT side saddle! That’s pretty good, pilgrim. Ya sure ain’t side saddle students like those kids up in Sonora. OK. Now, about how many settlers were killed by Native Americans?

  26. Manifest Destiny Unh—Me answer that one, Duke. Less than 400 migrants—1/10 of 1 percent—killed by my people. Most die from cholera, snake bite and other diseases.Actually, my people more helpful than harmful to migrants—often we serve as guides and trade with people on wagon trains.

  27. Manifest Destiny 1844 Election James K. Polk Democrat First Dark Horse Henry Clay, Whig

  28. Manifest Destiny December 29, 1845, under President James K. Polk,Texas enters the union as a slave state. Polk desired war with Mexico—bring New Mexico and California to union.

  29. Manifest Destiny Fifty-four forty or fight

  30. Manifest Destiny Polk ordered General Zachary Taylor to march to the Nueces line to protect against a Mexican incursion. Southerners supported Polk— saw war with Mexico as chance to expand slavery and more pro-Southern votes in Congress

  31. Manifest Destiny Opponents of slavery opposed the possible war. Meanwhile:John C. Fremont led a U. S. military exploration party into California, further violating Mexican lands.

  32. Manifest Destiny California 7000 Mexicans 700 U. S. citizens in Sacramento River Valley Began thinking about joining U. S. Polk quietly informed them that the U. S. would be sympathetic to a revolt against Mex. authority in CA

  33. Manifest Destiny Polk ordered Taylor South to Rio Grande

  34. Manifest Destiny Taylor expedition prompted Mexico to send troops across the Rio Grande. Congress declared war but some objected. War unpopular.

  35. Manifest Destiny Colonel Stephen Kearny moved from Fort Leavenworth, KS to Santa Fe, NM. Most Mexicans in NM wanted to join U.S.—NM fell to U.S.: without a shot being fired.

  36. Manifest Destiny Fremont seizes Sonoma, June 1846. Local rebels proclaim the Bear Flag Republic Mexican forces quickly give way and depart.

  37. Manifest Destiny Sep. 1846, Taylor Captures Monterrey; lets Mexican troops escape Mar. 1847, Gen. Winfield Scott takes Veracruz

  38. Manifest Destiny Sep. 1847, Scott takes Mexico City Total casualties: Mexico—50,000 men; about 50% of land; U.S.—13,000 men; 11,000 from diseases.

  39. Manifest Destiny U. S. War with Mexico EndedFeb. 2, 1848—Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo For $15 million, U. S. got California (CA), Nevada (NV), New Mexico (NM), Utah (UT), most of Arizona (AZ) and parts of Colorado (CO)

  40. Manifest Destiny Wilmot Proviso David Wilmot Amendment to Mexican War appropriations bill that would have prohibited slavery in any territory annexed from MX. Passed in House; failed in Senate Southern counter: all Americans had equal rights, including right to move slaves anywhere Polk: simply extend Missouri Compromise line

  41. Manifest Destiny Polk’s proposal Extend Missouri Compromise line to Pacific Coast Squatter Sovereignty People of ea. territory, thru legis., decide on slavery

  42. Manifest Destiny Election of 1848 M. Van Buren Free Soil Zach. Taylor, Whig Lewis Cass, MI, Dem Polk: ailing health; refused to run.

  43. Manifest Destiny Beginning of the end of the second party system

  44. Manifest Destiny Jan. 24, 1848, Gold discovered at Sutter’s Mill Began California Gold Rush; San Francisco becomes a major city

  45. Manifest Destiny Zachary Taylor Southerner & slaveholder National outlook Statehood could become the solution to the issue of slavery in the territories Let states settle slavery question for themselves Federal government settle issue in territories Because CA adopted an anti-slave constitution, admit as a free state

  46. Manifest Destiny Personal liberty laws Northern states; barred courts and police officers from helping to return runaway slaves Congressional southerners demanded national fugitive slave law

  47. Manifest Destiny Clay’s Compromise of 1850 An omnibus law • CA admitted as free state • Rest of lands acquired from • Mexico—territorial govts • formed w/o restrictions on • slavery 3. TX yield in boundary dispute with NM 4. Slave trade, but not slavery abolished in D.C. 5. New & more effective fugitive slave law

  48. Manifest Destiny Greybeards—dominant in Phase I

  49. Manifest Destiny New Leaders in Phase II Wm. Seward Opposed Abolitionist J. Davis Rep of New South S. Douglas Sectionalist Advocate for RR

  50. Manifest Destiny Millard Fillmore Succeeded Taylor Understood the political importance of flexibility

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