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The Israelites

The Israelites. YHWH & The Covenant. YHWH Yahweh Jehovah Elohim God Struck a covenant with His chosen people, the Israelites or Jews and promised them Canaan (Israel), a land “of milk & honey”. Abraham. About 2000 BC? Real or myth?

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The Israelites

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  1. The Israelites

  2. YHWH & The Covenant • YHWH • Yahweh • Jehovah • Elohim • God • Struck a covenant with His chosen people, the Israelites or Jews and promised them Canaan (Israel), a land “of milk & honey”

  3. Abraham • About 2000 BC? • Real or myth? • Seen as the “founder” of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam • Accepted Yahweh as the only true god, sealing the Covenant between his descendants and God • His descendants are the Israelites

  4. Moses • 1390 – 1270 BC? • Real or myth? • Jewish infant raised in Egyptian Pharaoh’s household • Led the Israelites out of slavery in Egypt by bringing 10 plagues upon the nation • Parted the Red Sea • Received the Ten Commandments • Recorder of the Torah

  5. The Ten Commandments = basis for the legal system of the Israelites

  6. The Ten Commandments • Ten Commandments (+ Roman law) became the foundation for all modern western law • The basic moral code for Jews, Christians, Muslims, & even “nonbelievers” raised in Europe/Americas

  7. King David • 1037 – 971 BC • Some archaeological evidence exists that David was a real king of Israel • Supposedly killed a giant with just his slingshot as a boy • Seen as a righteous, yet flawed, king who raised Israel to a powerful kingdom

  8. Solomon • 971 – 931 BC (reign) • Son of David • Known as an incredibly wise and just king (story of The Judgment of Solomon) • Built the First Jewish Temple, in Jerusalem • Had 700 wives?!

  9. Solomon’s Temple

  10. Israel Became Divided • Due to political rivalries and sectarian religious disputes, the Israelites became divided into two kingdoms, leading to their defeat at the hands of the Babylonians

  11. The Babylonian Captivity

  12. The 2nd Jewish Temple • Eventually, the Persians would conquer the Babylonians and allow the Israelites to return to Jerusalem, where they rebuilt their temple • Temple stood until being destroyed by the Romans during the Jewish Rebellion of 66 AD, after which the Jews were sent into “diaspora” (the population was deliberately scattered across the Roman Empire in an effort to crush the Jewish culture

  13. The Torah: Jewish version of the stories of Abraham and Moses • The Five Books of Moses (The Pentateuch) • Genesis • Exodus • Leviticus • Numbers • Deuteronomy

  14. The Hebrew Bible (Tanakh) • Consists of three parts of which the Torah is the first and holiest • Roughly equivalent to the Christian Old Testament

  15. The Talmud • Written 200 – 500 AD • Book of rabbinic discussion on Jewish law, ethics, customs, and history • Interprets the Tanakh and applies it to everyday life

  16. As a faith, Jews Believe… • In one God, creator of the universe, personal but non-corporeal • In prophets of old – especially Moses, through whom Torah was revealed to the Hebrew people • In Torah (first five books of the Bible), containing religious, moral and social law which guides the life of a Jew • the Hebrew Bible does not include the New Testament

  17. As a people, Jews are… • A nation in Diaspora (dispersed) • 15 – 16 million in worldwide population • United by a common heritage (an “ethnic” religion), divided in contemporary practice: • Orthodox: • Modern • Chasidic (Ultra Orthodox) • Reformed (18th century Germany) • Conservative – moderates, response to reform • Reconstructionalism (20th century America)

  18. As a way of life, Judaism is based on… • 613 commandments found in Torah (“Written Law”) • Talmud (“Oral Law”) – commentary of ancient rabbis that elaborates on how to apply God’s Law in everyday life through: • Dietary rules (Kashrut/Kosher) • Dress and other symbols • Prayer and devotion to the one God • The Temple and Temple rites • Observance of Holy days • Proper social relations between male and female, in business, judicial rulings, etc.

  19. How does Judaism sanctify life? Life cycle celebrations: • Bris – ritual circumcision, sign of the covenant • Bar/Bat Mitzvah – full adult status and responsibility within the religion • Marriage - "Be fruitful and multiply" (Gen. 1:22) • Death – funerals, mourning (sitting “Shiva”), and memorials (“Yartzeits”)

  20. Jewish Holy Days • High Holidays: • Rosh Hashanah (Jewish New Year) • Yom Kippur (Day of Atonement) • Chanukah, the “Festival of Lights” • Pesach (“Passover”) – commemorates the exodus from Egypt (events told in Exodus) • Shabbat (Sabbath, 7th day, on Saturday) – the “Day of Rest”

  21. How is Judaism related to Christianity? • Judaism predates Christianity – it is the foundation of Christianity but is not a part of it • Jesus was Jewish, as were his followers and the Apostles • Jews do not believe that Jesus was anything more than a good and wise man who lived and died 2000 years ago – Jews still await their messiah • The Jewish messiah would not be divine. He would be a political figure who restores the Hebrew monarchy and causes peace to reign on Earth • Jews are not concerned about salvation and the “world to come”

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