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Ancient Israelites. The First Israelites Section 1 Notes. Did You know?. The peak of Mount Sinai, where- according to the Bible- Moses received the 10 Commandments, can be reached by climbing 3,750 stone steps. The steps were created by the monks of St. Catherine’s Monastery.
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Ancient Israelites The First Israelites Section 1 Notes
Did You know? • The peak of Mount Sinai, where- according to the Bible- Moses received the 10 Commandments, can be reached by climbing 3,750 stone steps. The steps were created by the monks of St. Catherine’s Monastery.
The Early Israelites • The Israelites built a kingdom in Canaan, along the Mediterranean Sea in southwest Asia, in 1000 B.C. • Israelites believed in one god= monotheism. • Israelite faith became the religion of Judaism. • Judaism influenced Christianity and Islam and helped shape the beliefs of European and American societies. • Israelites spoke Hebrew and wrote their history and beliefs in what later became the Hebrew Bible. • Israelites believed they were descended from a man named Abraham. • Israelites believed God told Abraham to settle in Canaan and worship one true God. • Abraham’s grandson, Jacob, raised 12 sonsCanaan. • Their families became the 12 tribes of Israel. • After 100 years in Canaan, the Israelites suffered a drought. • To survive, they went to Egypt.
The Early Israelites continued • The Egyptian Pharaoh enslaved Israelites. • To prevent Israelites from rebelling, the pharaoh ordered all baby boys thrown into the Nile River. • Pharaoh’s daughter found a baby boy in a basket on the riverbank. • Named him Moses. • When Moses grew up, he herded sheep in hills outside of Egypt. In hills, he saw a burning bush and heard a voice. He believed it was God telling him to lead the Israelites out of Egypt. • Bible says God sent 10 plagues to trouble Egypt. • Last plague killed all the 1st born children, except for those Israelites who marked their doors with lamb’s blood. • Plague convinced pharaoh to let the Israelites leave Egypt. • After Israelites left, pharaoh changed his mind. • He sent soldiers after the Israelites. • Bible says that God parted the Red Sea, so the Israelites could pass. • Water flowed back when the soldiers tried to cross, and they drowned.
The Early Israelites continued • On the way back to Canaan, Moses went to the top of Mount Sinai and received laws from God. • These laws were known as the Torah. • This became the 1st part of the Hebrew Bible. • The Ten Commandments- what God believes is right and wrong- are the most important part of the Torah. • Then 10 Commandments helped form the basic moral laws of many nations.
Discussion Question • What promise did God make in the covenant with Israel? • God promised to return the Israelites to Canaan if they followed the laws of the Torah.
The Promised Land • It took the Israelites about 40 years to reach Canaan. • Along the way, Moses died, and Joshua took over. • When the Israelites reached Canaan, they found a group of people, the Canaanites, living there. • Israelites believed it was God’s will to conquer the Canaanites. • Joshua led Israelites into battle. • They marched around the walls of the city of Jericho for 6 days. • On the 7th day, Israelites let out a great shout, and the walls of Jericho crumbled. • Joshua led the Israelites in 3 more wars. • The land they seized was divided among the 12 tribes. • After Joshua’s death, the Israelites looked to judges for leadership. • Judges were usually military leaders who led one or two tribes. • Eventually, the Israelites won the hilly region of Canaan, and the Canaanites kept the coastal areas. • The Israelites built walled towns to protect themselves. • Phoenicians were a group of Canaanites who developed an alphabet. • An alphabet is a group of letters that stands for sounds.
Discussion Question • How did the Phoenicians affect other cultures of the world? • Passed on their alphabet to the Greeks and the Romans. • This alphabet is the basis for most Western alphabets of today.
