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Materials Created and Recorded in Digital Technology

Materials Created and Recorded in Digital Technology. Introductory Remarks. Kazimierz Schmidt (NDAP). Archiwa i nietradycyjne nośniki informacji XI Międzynarodowa Konferencja Archiwalna z cyklu “ Colloquia Jerzy Skowronek Dedicata ” Toruń, 20-21 Maja 2005. the end of medium era?.

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Materials Created and Recorded in Digital Technology

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  1. Materials Created and Recorded in Digital Technology Introductory Remarks Kazimierz Schmidt (NDAP) Archiwa i nietradycyjne nośniki informacjiXI MiędzynarodowaKonferencjaArchiwalnaz cyklu “Colloquia Jerzy Skowronek Dedicata”Toruń,20-21 Maja 2005

  2. the end of medium era? • from professional dictionary: „Słownik encyklopedyczny terminologii języków i systemów informacyjno-wyszukiwawczych.Red. Bożenna Bojar. Warszawa 1993 s. 35 • „record" - recorded information with recording medium, where it has been recorded”

  3. electronic document imaging or what is visible? medium? file?

  4. 1” ? ? example story (motion) to save 16mm Betacam LTO library to save DVD HDD 1” DLT library

  5. example story (still image) to save ? CD WORM CD library 35mm HDD

  6. recording medium description • number, status (original, copy), format (16mm, 35mm) type of film base (acetate, polyester) , features (optical soundtrack, magnetic soundtrack, negative image) picture format (4:3),sound standard (mono, stereo), length in meters, length in minutes, number of boxes, recording date, archiving date, tape producer, additional remarks… • number, status (master, copy), format (1”, ½”) type (U-matic, Betacam) , picture format (4:3), sound standard (mono, stereo),length in minutes, recording date, archiving date, tape producer (Maxwell, Sony), initial timecode, final timecode, additional remarks… very important less important not importanttechnical metadata are related to content (media file), not to the medium

  7. Video Media-Types 3gpp [RFC3839] BMPEG[RFC3555] BT656[RFC3555] CelB[RFC3555] DV[RFC3189] H261[RFC3555] H263[RFC3555] H263-1998[RFC3555] H263-2000[RFC3555] H264[RFC-ietf-avt-rtp-h264-11.txt] JPEG[RFC3555] MJ2[RFC3745] MP1S[RFC3555] MP2P[RFC3555] MP2T[RFC3555] MP4V-ES[RFC3016] MPV[RFC3555] mpeg[RFC2045,RFC2046] mpeg4-generic[RFC3640] nv[RFC3555] parityfec[RFC3009] pointer[RFC2862] quicktime[Lindner] raw[RFC-ietf-avt-uncomp-video-06.txt] SMPTE292M[RFC3497] … Image Types there are not medium typesthere are file types cgmComputerGraphicsMetafile[Francis]fits[RFC-allen-fitsmime-00.txt]g3fax[RFC1494]gif[RFC2045,RFC2046]iefImageExchangeFormat[RFC1314]jp2[RFC3745]jpeg[RFC2045,RFC2046]jpm[RFC3745]jpx[RFC3745]naplps[Ferber]png[Randers-Pehrson]prs.btif[Simon]prs.pti[Laun]t38[RFC3362]tiffTagImageFileFormat[RFC3302]tiff-fxTagImageFileFormatFaxeXtended[RFC-draft-ietf-fax-tiff-fx-reg-v2-01.txt]vnd.cns.inf2[McLaughlin]vnd.djvu[Bottou]vnd.dwg[Moline]… Audio Types 32kadpcm[RFC2421,RFC2422] 3gpp[RFC3839] AMR[RFC3267] AMR-WB[RFC3267] basic[RFC2045,RFC2046] clearmode[RFC-draft-ietf-avt-rtp-clearmode-05.txt] CN[RFC3389] DAT12[RFC3190] dsr-es201108[RFC3557] dsr-es202050[RFC-ietf-avt-rtp-dsr-codecs-03.txt] dsr-es202211[RFC-ietf-avt-rtp-dsr-codecs-03.txt] dsr-es202212[RFC-ietf-avt-rtp-dsr-codecs-03.txt] DVI4[RFC3555] EVRC[RFC3558] EVRC0[RFC3558]… http://www.iana.org/assignments/media-types/

  8. Please imagine... • Imagine store for electronic documents (MPEG7 files) • Why to save, and preserve for years information about carrier? (ie. DVD-R No.115, matte silver, 120mm/1,2mm, 8x, 4,7GB, ACME Co., made 2003, recorded in 2004) • I think, it is possible, but… is it necessary? • We are sure that we will move our files if we need to

  9. And now, please imagine... • ...store for physical carriers: shelves full of tapes, film rolls etc. • Do you save, and preserve for years information about shelf? (ie. Shelf No.115, solid pine wood, 1012mm:230mm, ACME Co., produced 1967, tape has been put here 1988) • I think, it is possible, but… not necessary • we are sure that we will move our tapes if we need to

  10. shelf No.115, pine wood, shelf1012mm:230mm, 6 shelfs in unit ACME Co., made in 1967, tape has been put here in 1988 DVD-R No.115, matte silver, 120mm/1,2mm, 8x, 4,7GB, ACME Co., made 2003, recorded in 2004 Compare information

  11. There is no difference: • If I move paper records or analogue tapes from one shelf to another, I will not change the content • If I move computer files form one carrier to another, I will not change the content either

  12. Mass storage schema movie files (to network) robot is it a store for 10000 DLT tapes, (320 GB every) or is it one XXXL carrier with capacity measured in TB (terabytes) or PB (petabytes) Drives for tapes to network

  13. Mass storage = a bit larger carrier • I do not care where (in particular DLT tapes) my footage has been recorded • If DLT tape breaks down my only one activity is to replaced it by a good one. The system will re-record it automatically • After some years I will copy or export to new format my media files. I will do the same with old DLT tapes, what I will do with this computer hard disk…

  14. temporary storing place • We’ve spent a lot of time for recognizing and recording information about carrier • it was very important in XXth century, nowadays carrier for digital media files (see www.iana.org/assignments/media-types/) plays the same role as shelf for analogue audio/video tapes – it is a temporary storing place

  15. ISAD(G)IIfond level - example • 3.1.1 Reference code(s) CA OTY F0453 • 3.1.2 Title John Smith fonds • 3.1.3 Date(s) 1951-1994 • 3.1.4 Level of description Fonds • 3.1.5 Extent and medium of the unit of description (quantity, bulk, or size) - 4.8 m of textual records. – 202 videocassette tapes. – 3 audio cassette tapes. – 3 boxes of graphic materials. • 3.2.1 Name of creator(s) Smith, John, 1943-

  16. ISAD(G)IIdokument level (here document=videocasete=carrier) • 3.1.1 Reference code(s) CA OTY F0453 S1014.13.1.2 Title The Boys of St. Vincent [videorecording]3.2.1 Name of creator(s) Les Productions T l -Action Inc. in co-production with the National Film Board of Canada, in association with the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (Producers). Canada : Productions T l -Action, Inc.3.1.5 Extent and medium of the unit of description (quantity, bulk, or size) 1 videocassette (92 min.) : sd., col. ; 2 in.

  17. ISAD(G)IIdokument level - continuation • 3.3.1 Scope and content Performers: Henry Czerny, Brian Dooley, Philip Dinn, Johnny Morina. – Directed byJohn N. Smith ; director of photography, Pierre Letarte ; edited by Werner Nold. – VHS.Closed-captioned for the hearing impaired. – Item is a fictional account of the emotional and sexual humiliation experienced by boys in a Newfoundland orphanage run by the All Saints Brothers. Tells the story of ten-year-old Kevin who rebels against the authoritarian rule.3.7.3 Date(s) of descriptions August 8, 1999 Compare description from tvguide.com

  18. when somebody says... • ... video hasbeensavedonCD (ca 100 copies) and will be distributed by the authors self in May(HYPER-FILM Video Hyper-Media Production Project Number IST-1999-20306) • This pack has been saved on CD for you to simply print and use (http://teachingsheets.co.ukKS1 Science Pack 1CD-SCI-K1) • Developed negative may be savedonCD(in every photo service) • With COOLPIX Remote Control, images taken remotely can be saved directly to the computer's hard disk drive; there is no need for concern about changing the camera’s CompactFlash memory card during remote shooting (from PictureProject COOLPIX Remote Control)

  19. carrier I saved my photos on SecureDigital memory cards I saved this presentation on hard disk, CD-R, and Compact Flash Card I saved all my articles on DVD-R computer file I saved my photos in JPEG format I saved this presentation in Microsoft Office ppt file and in OpenOffice sxi files I saved all my articles in Adobe PDF files. carrier vs. file format What is more useful nformation? this for today this for future

  20. why information about file format • In 1992 I saved all my texts on 5,25” floppy disks in Edytor Tekstu TAG files *.tag • First or last I have to move my articles to another carrier (I did!), but I can save the same file (*.tag) • I transfered my *.tag files to Microsoft Word 2.0 *.doc files in 1995 • Information about previous carriers are not so important (it has no influence on the content), like information about previous file formats…

  21. why information about file format • There are no difference: • If I move paper records or analogue tapes from one shelf to another I will not change the content • If I move computer files form one carrier to another I will not change the content either • But, if I change file format, I will probably do the same like change paper to scan

  22. conclusions • in digital world carrier is not important • carrier-oriented attitude has to be changed to content-oriented • rather add temporary information about carrier(s) to content, than otherwise • does content-oriented mean file-oriented?

  23. if carrier is not important... ... probably file?

  24. preserve media files in native format? • Is it possible to save it for 100 years? • I do not think so… • … it is subject for another presentation

  25. Three types of information • Temporary about carrier or computer file • Number orname, status, carrier format or file type, sound standard, duration, recording date, archiving date, tape producer, timecodes etc. • Permanent about content • title, creators, performers, subject, coverage, production date, producer etc. • Accumulative about using • broadcasting dates, ratings, rights etc. leave it engineers task for creators for users

  26. why for engineers? • RFC 3640 Transport of MPEG-4 Elementary Streams November 2003 For example: m=audio 49230 RTP/AVP 96 a=rtpmap:96 mpeg4-generic/16000/1 a=fmtp:96 streamtype=5; profile-level-id=14; mode=CELP-cbr; config= 440E00; constantSize=27; constantDuration=240 • APTN Connect is fully compliant with applicable MPEG, and analogue video specifications including, if applicable, MPEG 4.2.0/4.2.2 and RS-250B. Our MPEGII service offering meets ETR 290 specifications

  27. What should be left for archivists? Nothing…? Obviously not, but rather organize information than produce ittake description instead of prepare description

  28. My advice for born-digital • Concentrate on permanent information about content • Leave technical problems (medium, file) for computer professionals • Think about close cooperation with creators – give them useful software tools to collect, during creation, as much information as possible • The aim: Limit to minimum operations after transfer to archive

  29. Thank you for your attention kschmidt@archiwa.gov.pl or schmidt@webmedia.pl

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