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Forces within Earth s Crust

DO NOW. 1. Which chemical is responsible for creating ozone depletion?2. Which mineral property is the most reliable for identifying a mineral?3. Which process carries broken down rock to new locations?. GOAL. To explain the theory of plate tectonics and to relate it to areas of volcanic and earthquake activityTo be aware of the constructive and destructive forces constantly acting upon the earth's crust.

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Forces within Earth s Crust

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    1. Forces within Earth’s Crust By: Brianna Shields February 2, 2005

    3. GOAL To explain the theory of plate tectonics and to relate it to areas of volcanic and earthquake activity To be aware of the constructive and destructive forces constantly acting upon the earth’s crust

    4. Theory of Plate Tectonics Theory of plate tectonics 1. Earth is made of shifting plates beneath oceans and continents Pulling apart Moving sideways Smashing together

    5. Earth’s Lithospheric Plates

    6. Theory of Plate Tectonics Theory of plate tectonics 2. Earth once had one supercontinent= Pangaea EVIDENCE? Fossils Rock deposits Jigsaw puzzle continents

    7. Continental Drift

    8. Theory of Plate Tectonics Theory of plate tectonics 3. Earthquakes & volcanoes occur at the plate boundaries Most active plate= pacific plate = “RING OF FIRE””

    9. Ring of Fire

    10. 9 Lithospheric Plates Eurasian Indo-Australian Antarctic Pacific North American Caribbean South American African Nazca

    11. 9 Lithospheric Plates

    12. Plate Movement Why are the earth’s plates moving? Convection Currents- cycling of magma in the mantle beneath the plates Hot rises, cold sinks

    13. Tectonic Plate Boundaries 1. Convection currents Magma cycles

    14. Tectonic Plate Boundaries 2. Ocean floor Crust, plates

    15. Tectonic Plate Boundaries 3. Mantle Layer beneath crust, with convection currents

    16. Tectonic Plate Boundaries 4. Midocean ridge Lip of hardened rock at plate boundaries

    17. Tectonic Plate Boundaries 5. Trench Area where one plate is subducted beneath another

    18. Tectonic Plate Boundaries 6. Subduction Where ocean floor is plunging down into mantle beneath one of the plates

    19. Tectonic Plate Boundaries 7. Ocean floor spreading Where new ocean floor is being made as magma rises up and hardens

    20. Tectonic Plate Boundaries 8. Divergent boundaries Plates pulling apart (aka= seafloor spreading)

    21. Tectonic Plate Boundaries 9. Convergent boundaries Plates are meeting (one is subducting) Creates mountains

    22. Tectonic Plate Boundaries 10. Strike slip/ transform boundaries Plates are sliding horizontally past eachother Creates earthquakes

    23. Movements within the Earth Forces within earth’s crust 1. Fracture- crack in a rock

    24. Movements within the Earth Forces within earth’s crust 2. Fault- crack in crust along which rocks move

    25. Movements within the Earth Forces within earth’s crust C. Fault Mountains - middle rock between 2 faults, rises

    26. Movements within the Earth Forces within earth’s crust D. Fault Valleys -middle rock between 2 faults drops

    27. Movements within the Earth Forces within earth’s crust 3. Folding- rock bends A. Anticline- upward fold (mountain)

    28. Movements within the Earth Forces within earth’s crust 3. Folding- rock bends B. Syncline- downward fold (valley)

    29. Movements within the Earth Forces within earth’s crust 4. Stresses A. Compression- rocks squeeze together

    30. Movements within the Earth Forces within earth’s crust 4. Stresses B. Tension- rocks pull into thin strings

    31. Movements within the Earth Forces within earth’s crust 4. Stresses C. Shearing- rocks slide past eachother horizontally Causes earthquakes

    32. Movements within the Earth Forces within earth’s crust 5. Other landforms A. Plateaus- flat, raised chunk of land with cliffs on sides

    33. Movements within the Earth Forces within earth’s crust 5. Other landforms B. Domes- blister-like hill/bubble filled with molten rock

    34. Assessment Compare and contrast fractures and faults

    35. Assessment Describe the interior layers of the Earth

    36. Assessment Compare the processes that create fault block mountains and valleys

    37. Assessment Describe the activities that can occur along faultlines

    38. Assessment Describe the types of folds that the earth’s crust can undergo

    39. Assessment Relate the theory of plate tectonics to earthquake and volcano formation

    40. Assessment Explain how earthquakes occur

    41. Assessment Explain how volcanoes can occur

    42. Assessment Compare compression, tension and shearing

    43. Assessment Describe the differences between domes, plateaus and mountains

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