Intentional Cognition, Learning Styles, & Motivation (EFL 537 CALL)

1. Intentional Cognition, Learning Styles, & Motivation(EFL 537 CALL) Hui Sun Roh (Sunny) Shu Ping Cheng (Anne) Chao Yin Lin (Lillian) Professor Lyra Riabov February 16, 2006

2. distracted, uninterested… group work (-), kinesthetic(-) tired, bored…

3. People are different from each other. Culture Individual differences (genes & dispositions) Societies Families

4. In learning, different people have different learning styles. • Matching teaching styles & student learning styles affect student learning, motivation, & attitudes toward language learning. • This is why teachers need to understand student learning styles as well as their teaching styles.

5. - Table of Contents - • Introduction • Theory & Research: Learning Styles, Motivation, & the CALL Classroom • Classroom Practice: Enhancing & Extending Learning Styles through Computers • The Internet for English Teaching: Guidelines for Teachers • CALL Issues: Multicultural Considerations in a CALL Environment • Conclusion

6. Theory & Research: Learning Styles, Motivation, & the CALL Classroom Presented by Hui Sun Roh (Sunny)

7. What types of Learning Styles are there? • What are learning styles? • How can we assess student leaning styles? • Why understanding of learning styles is important to teachers? • How can computers & multimedia help teachers address multiple learning styles?

8. What are learning Styles? • Reid (1987) “Learning style is an individual’s natural, habitual, & preferredway of absorbing, processing and retaining new information and skills” • How students approach learning, not how well they learn. • “No single style is better or worse than any other. Everyone can learn; we just learn differently.” – by Dunn (1996)

9. What types of Learning Styles are there? • Cultural Leaning Styles - Different cultures tend to have different learning styles preferences. • Individual Leaning Styles - More than 20 styles have been identified; research indicates that individual learners can have 6-14 strongly preferred styles at the same time. - Cognitive, affective, perceptual, & physiological dimensions

10. Cultural Learning Styles can affect learners in a variety of ways. • Cultural Leaning Styles • International or immigrant students may be at risk because their preferences may often differ significantly from those of native students. • Teaching approaches & methods developed in one society may have unexpected effects when transplanted to foreign soil (collaborative vs. individual). • Teachers need to be aware of different cultural learning styles and show them respect. Also, they need to help them adjust to new classroom environment.

11. (cognitive, affective, perceptual & physiological Dimensions) • Cognitive Dimension • Individual Leaning Styles • The overlap among, field independent, analytic,& reflective dimension is apparent. • The effectiveness of a learning style depends very much on the context.

12. Affective Dimension The aspects of personality (attention & emotions) that influence what a learner will pay attention to in a learning situation. • Conceptual Level - the degree of structure that a person needs to learn effectively. e.g.) A low conceptual level may need a high structured learning environment. • Locus of Control - Introverted learners feel responsible for their own behavior and prefer to explore on their own. - Extroverted learners feel that responsibility is collective (group work / role play).

13. Perceptual Dimension • One or a combination of up to three possible perceptual channels- auditory, visual, & kinesthetic (tactile)- through which learners extract information from the environment. • Physiological Dimension • Learning preferences predicated by biological differences- gender & reaction to the physicalenvironment(noise, temperature, & light)

14. How can we assess student leaning styles? • Myers-Briggs type Indicator(1985) • measures both the cognitive & affective dimensions. • The characteristics of each indicator • Jung Typology Test • 16 Types • Perceptual Learning Style Preference questionnaire (by Joy Reid)

15. Why understanding of learning styles is important to teachers? Korean Culture INTP Bright light Fieldindependent Warm temperature Less Noisy Analytic Visual reflective Auditory Introverted

16. Individual learners can have 6-14 strongly preferred styles. Also, they have weakness at the same time. • Learning styles can change with time & context. • Teachers can help students reinforce their strengths and develop weaknesses. • Students benefit most from a teacher’s understanding of learning styles when as many domains as possible are integrated into the instruction.

17. How can computers & multimedia help teachers address multiple learning styles? • Multimedia- “a program or information environment that uses computers to integrate text, graphics, images, video, &audio” • Multimedia lessons appear to be able to address a large number of learning styles simultaneously.

20. Reflective Kinesthetic (tactile) Impulsive Visual Introverted (individual) Auditory • The Call environment can be highly motivating for students of all learning styles.

21. Enhancing and Extending Learning Styles Through Computers Presented by: Shu-Ping (Anne) Cheng Instructor: Prof. Lyra Riabov Date: Feb.16.2006

22. Why “strategy training” is important? • Raising students’ confidence to learn from a multitude of learning activities. • Training learners to be mindful of their individual strengths and weaknesses in learning.

23. Teacher’s duty ☼ Addressing learner styles Creating learner profiles Using information organizer Note-taking  Group Presentation  Reflection Q. Will you prepare different teaching materials for the students who have different learning styles in your class?

24. Integrating software use for different learning styles • Linguistic • Logical mathematical • Spatial • Musical • Bodily-Kinesthetic • Interpersonal • Intrapersonal Software Computer Internet

25. Linguistic learning style • Likes to Read, write, tell stories, create presentation Authoring Program HyperStudio Interactive simulation A House Divided: The Lincoln-Douglas Debate

26. Logical mathematical learning style • Likes to work with numbers, classify and categorize, ask questions, reason things out by exploring patterns and relationships. Information organizer TimeLiner Application requiring problem solving with critical inquiry The Lost Mind of Dr. Brain

27. Spatial learning style • Likes to Draw and design things, think using images, work on puzzles, watch movies, play with machines.  Concept mapping tool Inspiration • Planning and design-oriented simulation SimTown • Tool for graphic presentation of knowledge Microsoft PowerPoint

28. Musical learning style • Likes to Listen to music, sing and hum tunes, play an instrument, use rhyme to aid memory. Music-oriented electronic library Juilliard Music Adventure Interactive software with music Opening Night Creative multimedia tool The Multimedia Workshop

29. Bodily-Kinesthetic • Likes to Move around, touch and talk, use body language, be involved in creative role plays. Adventure simulation The Amazon Trial Exploration-invention software Widget Workshop Software involving hand-on exploration Interactive Nova: Earth

30. Interpersonal learning style • Likes to Talk to people, develop social skills, work in groups, share ideas and experiences. Decision-making simulation Software involving exploration of social issues Discovering America E-mail key pal activities

31. Intrapersonal learning style • Likes to Work alone, work at own pace, pursue own interests Electronic library The Electronic Bookshelf Self-paced tutorial The Amazing Writing Machine Reflection on and exploration of relationships

32. The reasons for using Internet in language teaching • The linguistic nature of on-line communication is desirable for promoting language learning. • It creates optimal conditions for learning to write. • It can increase students’ motivation. • Learning computer skills is essential to students’ future success.

33. Guidelines for Teachers #1:Consider carefully the goals teach students new computer skills teaching writing #2:Think integration how to integrate online connections into the class. #3:Don’t Underestimate the complexity  student’s computer ability.  the equipment. student Teacher

34. Guidelines for Teachers #4:Provide necessary support Creating detailed handout. Building technology training sessions. Assigning students to work in groups. Providing details about how, why, when, and where that students can use what they learned. Being available to help students. #5:Involve students in decisions coordinating group planning, focusing students’ attention on linguistic aspects, and assisting students in developing their learning strategies.

35. Beginning Later

36. CALL Issues: Multicultural Considerations in a CALL Environment Presented by Chao Yin Lin (Lillian)

37. Multicultural Considerations in a CALL Environment ►Multiculturalism & multicultural elements in call contexts ►Benefits of sensitivity to multicultural elements in CALL ► People who have not been exposed to other cultures are often not vary aware of their own culture ► the multicultural considerations involved in evaluating the implements used in CALL

38. Multiculturalism & Multicultural Elements in CALL Contexts ► What is multicultural? - a term to remind us that “culture” is more than one culture - defined as the element to consider in call context

39. Multiculturalism & Multicultural Elements in CALL Contexts ►Contexts = Students +Teachers +Target Language objectives - student factor -- the students age -- the students’ ability of native language - teacher factor -- language proficiency of teachers

40. Multiculturalism & Multicultural Elements in CALL Contexts ►Contexts = Students +Teachers +Target Language objectives - target language objectives -- grammar, writing, or pronunciation -- the course required by specific organization -- students’ goal

41. Benefits of sensitivity to multicultural elements in CALL ►Benefits = Respect +Sensitivity --from teacher --from student ►Benefits: - Students may gain self-confidence - Comparison Awareness of one’s own culture People who have not been exposed to other cultures are often not very aware of their own culture

42. The multiple cultures reflected in the language taught and students learning through technology • CALL may help to bridge the distance from one culture to others by the interaction between instructors, software, internet and students.

43. The Multicultural Considerations in A CALL Environment • The fourteen questions to examine the software and websites involved in class • A Website Example : BBC World Service-English learning • Evaluation Example: -Software Evaluation: -Website Evaluation:

44. Different people have different learning styles. They have strong learning preferences and weaknesses. • Teachers need to understand student different learning preferences and be aware of their teaching styles. • Limitation & challenges to assess student learning styles(-) - student level of literacy to understand questionnaire for assessing learning styles. - Validity & reliability of assessment tool - The number of students & other paper work

45. By integrating diverse learning styles in teaching instruction, teachers maximize students learning benefits & increase student learning motivation. Multimedia and CALL activities help develop diverse learning styles. Integrating software use for different learning styles Evaluating software based on cultural sensitivity when deciding to use Teaching goals, student needs, & materials and technology available

46. Discussion • As a student, have you experienced a teacher whose teaching style did not match your learning style? As a teacher, have you experienced students whose learning styles did not match your teaching style? Did that affect your teaching, learning and/or motivation? • In our multicultural classroom, have you been aware • of cultural differences in learning styles? • How can we use traditional teaching methods (no computer and Internet) to serve the students who have different learning styles? Does CALL make it easier to address different learning styles? • Which questions will you focus on when you evaluate the cultural sensitivity of a website or software? Why?