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Physics 362

Physics 362. Modern Physics Seminars. Future arguments. ·         Introduction to Astronomy ·         The Michelson-Morley Experiment ·         Consequences of relativity: relativity and time travel, relativity in everyday life ·         Measuring distances in astronomy and the Hubble law

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Physics 362

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  1. Physics 362 Modern Physics Seminars

  2. Future arguments • ·        Introduction to Astronomy • ·        The Michelson-Morley Experiment • ·        Consequences of relativity: relativity and time travel, relativity in everyday life • ·        Measuring distances in astronomy and the Hubble law • ·        X-ray astrophysics • ·        Nuclear Energy Production • ·        Alternate energy sources (wind-mills, solar cells, etc.) • ·        Principles of general relativity • ·        Radiation processes • ·        Neutrinos • ·        Superconductivity • ·        Cosmology

  3. Today’s seminar • The failure of Classical Physics • Classical mechanics and electromagnetism • The Michelson-Morley experiment

  4. The Michelson Interferometer

  5. Fringe Interference

  6. Parallel Fringes

  7. Fringe position A change in the distance of one of the two mirrors introduces a phase change between the two light beams.

  8. Fringe position When the mirror is moved by ½ l, the path is change by l and the fringe pattern is moved by one fringe.

  9. Measuring the Refraction Index

  10. Measuring the Refraction Index Light for M1 Light for M2 Screen

  11. Light for M1 Light for M2 Screen Measuring the Refraction Index

  12. Na Nm DN·l Measuring the Refraction Index Light for M1 Light for M2 Screen

  13. Measuring the Refraction Index L = thickness n = index of refraction  Number of wavelengths in the block (2 times):Nm=2L/ln=2Ln/l Number of wavelengths in same distance without block:Na=2L/l=2L/l  Phase change (in terms of wavelengths):DN=Nm -Na=2Ln/l- 2L/l= 2L/l (n-1)

  14. Measuring Distances Phase change:DN=2Ln/l- 2L/l= 2L/l (n-1)  The length of an object can be expressed in terms of the wavelength of light!!! For this experiment A. A. Michelson received the Nobel Price in 1907.

  15. The Michelson Interferometer 1881

  16. The Michelson-Morley Experiment

  17. µDL Light for M1 Light for M2 DL=Dt·c Screen The Michelson-Morley Experiment Light for M1 Light for M2 Screen If light from M2 is delayed by Dt

  18. Mirror v u12=c+v u21=c-v u13=u31= 3 Beam Splitter 1 Mirror 2 Screen The Michelson-Morley Experiment Dt = t121 = t131 = Lv2/c3

  19. The Michelson-Morley Experiment • How can we measure the delay? • There is no reference available that is at rest in ether!!! • The experimental apparatus is rotated

  20. The Michelson-Morley Experiment

  21. v u12=c+v u21=c-v u13=u31= The Michelson-Morley Experiment a) Mirror 3 Beam Splitter Dta = t121 = t131 = Lv2/c3 1 Mirror 2 Dla = c Dt Screen

  22. u12=u21= u13=c+v u31=c-v v The Michelson-Morley Experiment b) Beam Splitter Dtb = t121 = t131 = - Lv2/c3 1 3 Screen Mirror Dlb = c Dt 2 Mirror  Dl = Dla - Dlb = 2Lv2/c2 ~ 0.2 mm

  23. The Michelson-Morley Experiment

  24. The Michelson-Morley Experiment Insert calculation of expected dL

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