1 / 26

Chapter 12: Tang & Song Dynasties

Chapter 12: Tang & Song Dynasties. Reunification and Renaissance 220 CE.—Han dynasty ends 220-589—Era of Division 589-618—Sui dynasty 618-907—Tang dynasty 960-1279—Song dynasty 1279-1368—Mongol (Yuan) dynasty. Rebuilding the Imperial Edifice.

elisa
Télécharger la présentation

Chapter 12: Tang & Song Dynasties

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript


  1. Chapter 12: Tang & Song Dynasties Reunification and Renaissance 220 CE.—Han dynasty ends 220-589—Era of Division 589-618—Sui dynasty 618-907—Tang dynasty 960-1279—Song dynasty 1279-1368—Mongol (Yuan) dynasty

  2. Rebuilding the Imperial Edifice • 6th century—Sui dynasty comes to power under the rule of Wendi • Wins widespread support by • Lowering taxes • Establishing granaries (wards off famine)

  3. Sui Excesses and Collapse • Yangdi expands on his father’s foundations • Milder legal code • Restoration of exam system (Confucianism) • Promotion of scholar-gentry • Excess, waste and wars lead to collapse • Yangdi assassinated in 618 by his own ministers

  4. Emergence of the Tang • Li Yuan saves imperial order and lays the foundation for the Tang • Extends borders of the empire and attempts to assimilate nomads of the C. Asian frontier

  5. Rebuilding the Bureaucracy • Continues revival of Confucian thought and promotion of scholar-gentry • Scholar-gentry staffs the bureaucracy, offsetting power of the nobility • Bureaucracy • Imperial level—executive department • District level—regional and provincial offices

  6. The Examination System • Emphasis on Confucian thought (taught moral & organizational principles needed for good gov’t) • Exams administered by the Ministry of Rites • Jinshi --receive top gov’t jobs and elite social status • Meritocracy exists, but birth/family connections still most important for gaining jobs

  7. State and Religion in Tang/Song Era • Confucian revival threatens Buddhism • Variants—Pure Land, Zen (Chan) • Tang emperors support Buddhism. • Empress Wu • Buddhism is a powerful and influential force

  8. Anti-Buddhist Backlash • Buddhism poses various challenges to Taoists and Buddhists • Restriction & persecution under Wuzong • Confucianism emerges as the central ideology from the 9th century until the 20th century.

  9. Rise of the Song • Rivalries and assassinations weaken Tang • Xuangong and Yang Guifei’s relationship signals end of the dynasty • Collapse in 9th c. brought about by: • Nomadic groupspowerful provincial governors • Worsening economic conditions

  10. Founding of the Song • Zhao Kuangyin establishes the Song dynasty • Unable to conquer Liao dynasty to the north (inherent weakness of Song over nomadic groups) • Tribute paid to Liao in exchange for Sinification

  11. Song Politics • Smaller & less powerful than Tang • Weakened military while strengthening scholar-gentry • Lax exam rules quickly bloat the bureaucracy with too many less qualified bureaucrats

  12. Confucian Revival • Neo-Confucians= revivers of Confucian thinking • Stressed rank, obligation, ritual, class, age and gender distinctions (highly patriarchal) • Answers to future problems found in past examples

  13. Decline and Reform Variety of reasons: • Inability to fight off nomadic groups • High costs of maintaining an army • Elite disdain for military • Efforts at reform (Wang Anshi) fail to carry on through successive emperors

  14. Reaction & Disaster • Neo-Confucians reverse Wang’s reforms • Nomads (Jurchens) annex territory • Southern Song dynasty rules from 1167 to 1279 • politically weak; culturally achieved new heights of glory

  15. Golden Age: Tang & Song Prosperity • Major shift in population balance • Public works (Grand Canal) help counter the shift and solidify control over southern regions

  16. Commercial Expansion • Naval technology (junks)= growth of overseas trade • Huge markets, expansion of commerce leads to innovation (flying money) • Rapid urban growth

  17. Chinese junk vs. Santa Maria

  18. Expansion of Agriculture • Rulers encouraged migration to uncultivated areas • State regulated irrigation, canal systems • New seeds, better fertilizer, inventions (wheelbarrow) increase crop yields • Smaller estates give more power to peasants and not elite landlords • Extended family structure

  19. Family & Society • Position of women initially climbs, then rapidly falls during late Song • Stressed: • Authority of elders • Subordination of women • Marriage alliances

  20. Neo-Confucianism • Movement allows for freedom for men and confinement for women • Women lose: • Legal rights • Access to education • Status within society and the home Best exemplified by footbinding

  21. Footbinding • Originates in the palace of the last king of the Tang Dynasty • continued even when it was banned by the Manchurian Qing Dynasty (1644-1911). • In remote mountainous areas, women still had their feet bound even when the New China was founded in 1949.

  22. Although foot-binding is no longer practiced, many women with bound feet are still alive. Author Beverley Jackson photographed this woman in Yunan Province in 1997.

  23. Invention, Scholarship & Artistic Creativity • Technological breakthroughs • Buddhist art & architecture • Confucian literature • Art reflects themes of nature, order, balance and simplicity

  24. China’s World Role • No major changes, instead, a consolidation of Chinese civilization • Major technological innovations and most advanced economy in the world • Extends influence over East Asia • Chinese technology will soon change the world

More Related