1 / 25

Hybridization

Hybridization. Honors Chemistry Mrs. Coyle. Hybrization of Orbitals. The merging of several atomic orbitals to form the same total number of hybrid orbitals . Analogy: Mixing red and white pigment to form pink. Example: Unhybridized Outer Orbitals of Carbon.

elisa
Télécharger la présentation

Hybridization

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Hybridization Honors ChemistryMrs. Coyle

  2. Hybrization of Orbitals • The merging of several atomic orbitals to form the same total number of hybrid orbitals. • Analogy: Mixing red and white pigment to form pink.

  3. Example: Unhybridized Outer Orbitals of Carbon  ↓__ 2s2 2p2

  4. Why does carbon form four bonds with other atoms? • This can be explained with the model of hybridization of orbitals.

  5. The s orbital merges with the threep orbitals to form four sp3 hybrid orbitals that are identical. ____ sp3 sp3 sp3 sp3 Hybridized Orbitals of Carbon in forming Methane

  6. Outer Orbitals of Carbon  ↓ _ _ 2s2 2p2 Unhybridized Carbon Hybridized Carbon _ _ _ _ sp3 sp3 sp3 sp3

  7. The four sp3 orbitals are arranged in a tetrahedral shape. Each hybrid sp3 orbital contains one electron and is available to bond with another atom. Hybridized Carbon Orbitals http://andromeda.rutgers.edu/~huskey/images/methane_td.jpg

  8. Four hydrogen atoms, each having an s orbital, overlap with each of the sp3 orbitals. Each of these bonds is called a σ (sigma) bond. Methane 109.5o http://andromeda.rutgers.edu/~huskey/images/methane_td.jpg

  9. Hybridization of Orbitals Animation • http://www.mhhe.com/physsci/chemistry/essentialchemistry/flash/hybrv18.swf

  10. σ (sigma) bond • A covalent bond formed by the overlap of orbitals along the bond axis end to end. • A sigma bond can be formed by the overlap of: • s and p orbitals • two p orbitals • two hybrid orbitals • an s orbital and a hybrid orbital

  11. Ethane

  12. π (pi bond) • A covalent bond formed by the parallel (side by side) overlap of two p orbitals.

  13. Ethylene (Ethene) C2H4 • Each carbon atom forms: • three hybrid sp2 orbitals that lie on the same plane at 120o • and a third p orbital that is lying perpendicular to the plane

  14. Ethylene (Ethene) C2H4 http://www.science.uwaterloo.ca/~cchieh/cact/fig/ethene.gif

  15. Ethylene (Ethene) C2H4 http://andromeda.rutgers.edu/~huskey/images/ethylene_bonding.jpg

  16. Ethene (Ethylene), C2H4 • The double bond between the two carbon atoms is made up of a sigma bond and a pi bond. • The pi bond is made up of the parallel overlap of the p orbitals. • The sigma bond is made up of the end to end overlap of the sp2 orbitals.

  17. Double Bond • A double bond is made up of a sigma bond and a pi bond.

  18. Acetylene (Ethyne), C2H2 • The carbon atoms forms: • two hybrid sp orbitals • two p orbitals.

  19. Acetylene (Ethyne), C2H2 http://andromeda.rutgers.edu/~huskey/images/acetylene_bonds.jpg

  20. Triple Bond • Is made up of a sigma bond and two pi bonds.

  21. Benzene, C6H6

  22. Benzene, C6H6 http://www.angelo.edu/faculty/kboudrea/molecule_gallery/04_aromatics/benzene_04.gif

  23. Benzene, C6H6 • The p orbitals can overlap forming a pi bond on both sides and therefore a circular orbital forms around the whole ring.

  24. Benzene, C6H6

  25. Gallery of Molecules • http://webpages.dcu.ie/~pratta/jmgallery/JGALLERY.HTM

More Related