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HIGHER GEOGRAPHY PHYSICAL CORE

HIGHER GEOGRAPHY PHYSICAL CORE. ATMOSPHERE. THE ATMOSPHERE. Ø. explain with the aid of an annotated diagram, why Tropical latitudes receive more of the. sun’s energy than Polar regions. Ø. explain why there is a net gain of solar region in the Tropical latitudes and a net loss towards.

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HIGHER GEOGRAPHY PHYSICAL CORE

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  1. HIGHER GEOGRAPHY PHYSICAL CORE ATMOSPHERE

  2. THE ATMOSPHERE

  3. Ø explain with the aid of an annotated diagram, why Tropical latitudes receive more of the sun’s energy than Polar regions Ø explain why there is a net gain of solar region in the Tropical latitudes and a net loss towards the poles Ø describe the role of atmospheric circulation in the redistribution of energy over the globe Ø describe and explain the earth’s energy exchanges shown on a diagram Ø describe the factors which affect the amount of sunlight reflected from the earth’s surface Ø describe and account for the generalised pattern of atmospheric circulation and global or winds, ocean currents shown on a world map Ø describe the variations in world temperature for the last 100 years (shown eg. on a graph) and suggest both physical and human reasons for these variations Ø describe and explain the origin, nature and weather characteristics of Tropical Maritime ( mT) and Tropical Continental ( cT) air masses which affect West Africa Ø with reference to the Inter-Tropical Convergence Zone and the movement of air masses, describe and account for the variations in West African rainfall. By the end of this topic you should be able to:

  4. Ø describe and interpret climate maps, diagrams and graphs Ø construct and analyse climate graphs Ø describe and explain climate graphs comment on the accuracy of statements which describe climate patterns Ø shown on maps etc. GMTs

  5. GLOBAL WARMING

  6. The greenhouse effect is the name applied to the process which causes the surface of the Earth to be warmer than it would have been in the absence of an atmosphere. Global warming or the enhanced greenhouse effect is the name given to an expected increase in the magnitude of the greenhouse effect, whereby the surface of the Earth will amost inevitably become hotter than it is now.

  7. About 70% of the sun's energy is radiated back into space. But some of the infrared radiation is trapped by greenhouse gases and warms the atmosphere,

  8. Water vapour accounts for 98% of the natural Greenhouse effect. Water vapour has lower ‘radiative forcing’ properties than some other atmospheric gases such as carbondioxide, methane and nitrous oxide which are naturally present in the atmosphere in small quantities. Since the Industrial Revolution the proportion of these gases has increased significantly.

  9. N2O CFCs CO2 CH4 1 Carbon Dioxide > fossil fuels, vehicle emissions, forest clearance 2 Methane > rice cultivation, biomass burning, digestive fermentation, termites, sewage, landfill, natural gas production 3 CFCs > aerosol propellants, refrigerants, foaming agents 4 Nitrous oxide > nitrogen fertilisers, industrial pollution

  10. CONCENTRATION CHANGES SINCE 1750 Carbon Dioxide: 280 ppm 360 ppm (+30%) Methane: 0.70 ppm 1.80 ppm (+145%) Methane c25 x effect of CO2 CFCS (chlorofluorocarbons) recent significant decrease due to concern about OZONE LAYER BUT CFCs c10,000 x effect of CO2

  11. °C Temperature anomalies from the period 1961-1990

  12. End of Part 6

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