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Higher Geography

Higher Geography. URBAN GEOGRAPHY. http://www.bbc.co.uk/scotland/learning/learningzone/clips/7811/. Task Using a local map try to identify the site factors for Peebles. The influence of geology on our landscape Duration : 04:42

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Higher Geography

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  1. Higher Geography URBAN GEOGRAPHY http://www.bbc.co.uk/scotland/learning/learningzone/clips/7811/

  2. Task Using a local map try to identify the site factors for Peebles.

  3. The influence of geology on our landscape Duration: 04:42 Modern digital terrain model technology is transforming our perceptions of geology and the influence of rock type on both the physical and human landscape. http://www.bbc.co.uk/scotland/learning/learningzone/clips/7771/

  4. Task - Copy these notes Site and Situation The location and growth of an settlement depended upon its site and situation. The site was the actual place where people decided to locate their settlement. The growth of that settlement then depended upon its situation in relation to accessibility and availability of natural resources. • Site Factors • Bridging point • Dry point • (away from flood risks) • Nodal point • Defensive • Wet point • (reliable water supply) • • building materials • (stone or wood) • • fertile land • • shelterered from winds • • fuel supply (wood) • • south-facing slope (aspect) • • flat land, easy to build on • • natural harbour • Situation Factors • • route centre • • gap town (A town located in a pass to an upland area which benefits from being a focus of routes.) • • lowest bridging point on a river • • port • • minerals for export

  5. Barcelona's Site and Situation Barcelona's Site and Situation

  6. Function of settlements

  7. Classification of Settlements

  8. Central Place Theory • Central Place Theory suggests that there is a pattern in the distribution and location of settlements of different sizes, and also, in the ways in which they provided services to people living within their sphere of influence. • The ideal shape for the sphere of influence of a central place is circular, as then the distance from it to all points on the boundary is equal. • BUT – circles leave some areas without services and some are served by more than one central place. • Hexagons are used instead in order to fully (and equally) cover the whole area.

  9. Central Place Theory

  10. Urbanisation • Urbanisation is an increase in the proportion of people living in urban areas (towns and cities). On a world scale this has happened twice: • In MEDCs – during the 19th century due to industrialisation. • In LEDCs – since the 1950s due to a high natural increase and migration from rural to urban areas.

  11. Terminology • Urbanisation: Growth of cities and towns • Suburbanisation: People and industries move out to the edge of towns and cities • Counter-urbanisation: Movement of industry and people to small settlements outside urban areas. • Re-urbanisation: The movement of industry and people back into urban areas (left abandoned after industrial closure or suburbanisation)

  12. World’s Largest Cities - 2006

  13. Most populated urban areas

  14. Task Answer the following questions: • 1 Describe the location of the world’s major cities. • 2 Describe how the location of the world’s largest cities has changed between 1900 and 2000.

  15. Counterurbanisation • Urbanisation is now in decline in some MEDCs and has been replaced by counterurbanisation. • People are now moving back out of cities to rural areas because of problems such as crime, unemployment, traffic congestion and social problems such as vandalism. • Many people still work in the city but live in the cleaner environment of the countryside. For example in dormitory towns and commuter settlements.

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